Ult hám týǵan til
(Patshalyq hám bostandyq zamanynda)
Rýsiiada zalym patshalar dáýren súrip turǵan shaǵynda, jalǵyz slavian ulty, onyń ishinde bailary ǵana óziniń barlyǵyn bildirip, jasai aldy. Bailardan shyqqan jetikter Rýsiiada bolǵan túrli tilde sóileýshi júzden asa halyqtyń árqaisysynyń da aiyrym (derbes – DK) ulty, ultyna qarai turmysy, bilim, óner barlyǵyn baiandap, keń maǵlumattar taratsa da, ǵamalǵa qoiylǵan ýaǵynda is bútindei munyń kerisinshe bolyp shyǵyp turdy. Patsha húkmetiniń ulttar turmysyn quryp, olardy kógertip-kórkeitýmen isi bolmady; ol árdaiym da halyqqa kótere almastai aýyr salǵyrttar (salyq – DK) salyp, olardy óziniń meiirimsiz tyrnaǵynda tilegeninshe janshýmen boldy. Hám miliondaǵan halyqty, ásirese shet ulttardy qalaisha qarańǵylyq pen ańsyz nadandyqta – óz paidalaryn bilmestei meńireý, kerekterin surai almastai mylqaý etip, sonymen ǵana shuǵyldandy.
Bunan shyǵatyn belgili maǵyna árkimge de kúndei anyq kórinip tur. Patsha húkmeti shet ulttardy azdap bolsa da aǵartý, olardyń bilim-ónerde artta qalǵandaryn alǵa bastyrý týraly tipti de qamtama (qam – DK) jegen joq; ol árdaiymda ulttardyń birin birine aidap salyp, óshiktirip, aralarynda qandai soǵystar ashyp, álsizin kúshtisine talatýmen boldy. Hatte (tipti – DK) keibir ulttardyń mekenin aýdaryp, aiaǵynan tozdyryp jiberdi. Eski húkmettiń munan basqa da shet ulttardyń bilim ónerin sóndirip, ózderine has bolǵan ǵurpy-ǵadetterin qaldyrtyp, dinderin joiyp, bútindei orystyqqa ainaldyrý syqyldy eń nashar ǵamaldary (amal-áreket – DK) da boldy. Shet ulttar beinetqorlarynyń (eńbekshileriniń – DK) jazmysyn satyp, slavian ultynyń jumysker qarashekpenderi (qarasharýa, mujyqtar – DK) úshin beine aiyrym bir múlik jiǵan siiaqty kórinip, jalǵan saiasattar júrgizdi. Is júzinde, árine, bunan, durysynda da sondai bir maqsat jaryqqa shyqqan emes.
Ol tar slavianshylyqty órshitse de, beine tek qana yńǵaiyna qarap is etti. Bútin Rýsiiada bolǵan, Rýsiia halqynyń birligi, missionerler qaýymy hám basqalar syqyldy, zor uiymdardyń bári de qyzmetterin osy baǵytqa sińirdi.
Hám olar memleket biýdjetinde zor shyǵyndar jumsalatyn oryndardan sanaldy. Jalǵyz ǵana patsha qazirettiń ózine málim bolǵan bul shyǵyndardyń bári de jumysker qarashekpender men shet ulttardyń moiyndaryna tesip ilinýli edi.
Patshalyq tártibi gýlep turǵan zamandaǵy is basqarýlar joǵaryda aitylǵan siiaqty jyraqta jatqan shet ulttardyń qarańǵy taptaryna bilim, óner, sáýlesin túsirmekten beter, olardyń ishki-tysqy bútin tabiǵi ulttyq sipattaryn joqqa shyǵardy. Ult sózi qurǵaq dybys bolyp qana qaldy. Bir halyqtyń óz tilinde bilim-óneri bolmasa, ol halyqtyń tili buzylyp, ózgeredi hám kórshiles kúshti halyqtyń tilimen áserlenip, túbinde soǵan qul bolady. Onyń ishinde jańa tilder kóbeiedi, bara-bara ol kishkene ulttardyń jańartyp jandandyrylmaǵan eski tili óziniń barlyq mańyzyn joiady hám jyldam umytylady. Munyń ájiátin (mysalyn – DK) tarih betinde bek kóp ushyratamyz, buryn da birneshe halyqtar bolǵan, qazir biz olardyń birin de kóre almaimyz hám olar joq ta. Mine, bular – sol tilderi joiylyp ketkender. Til bolmasa, ult ta bolmaidy. Iaǵni ol ult bútindei ólgen, joǵalǵan ult bolady.
Patshalyq zamanynda kóp ulttar osyndai halderge dýshar boldy. Mine, zalym patsha húkmeti qolynda aiyrym ýaq (az, usaq – DK) ulttar osylaisha oiynshyq bolyp júrdi.
Uly ózgeristiń qýatty kúshi men patsha húkmetiniń negizsiz uiasy byt-shyt bolyp taraldy.
Ol ózgeris bizge sóz ben dinde úlken bostandyq berdi. Hám bútin ulttarǵa birdei qurdastyq tegistik jolyn ashty. Mine, qazir bizge ainala keńshilik, qai jaǵymyzda da toqtalys beretin kedergi joq. Ultymyzdyń bilim, ónerin, áserese ana-tilimizdi qalaisha hám qansha órshitsek te jolymyz ashyq.
Óner, ádebietimizdi kórkeitý, sharýashylyq jaǵymyzdy ilgeri bastyrýǵa eriktimiz. Osy aitylǵan maqsattardy jaryqqa shaǵarǵannyń sońynda biz de kúshti ulttarmen qatar uly ózgeristiń ústimizge júktetken zor mindetterin atqarǵan bolamyz. Jalpy bilim-ónerdiń ishine ana tilin bilý de kiredi hám munyń kerisinshe ana tilin bilýden ulttyń bilim-óneri tabylady. Ana tilin bilmei turyp, eshbir bilim-óner taratýǵa múmkin emes. Eń áýeli ana tilin bilý qajet. Eger ana tilin bilmeseń, onda sen ol ulttyń balasy emessiń. Ana tilin bilmei turyp, ult bilimin ala almaisyń. Ult bilimi bolmasa, onda ádebiettiń bolmaityndyǵy ózi-aq belgili. Ádebieti joq ulttyń bilimi de, óneri de órshimeidi. Til saqtaýǵa múmkin bolǵan qadar (múmkindiginshe – DK) saqtalýǵa tiis. Biz tilimizdi qansha saqtasaq, ultymyzdy da sonsha saqtaǵan bolamyz.
Biz qazirgidei sóz hám ult bostandyǵy berilip turǵan zamanda uly maqsatty jaryqqa shyǵarý úshin, erkin bostandyq joly boiynsha ózin ózi basqaratyn ulttarmen memleket birigip, «halyq saiýzyn» (halyq odaǵy – DK) quraýǵa boryshtymyz. Sonda ǵana, bizdiń qazaqqa usynǵan ýaq ulttardyń jábirine shyqpaityn, bar kúshin bútin halyqqa birdei paida tabylatyn oryndarǵa jumsaityn húkmet túzilip, jalpy jurttyń basqarylýy qurylysynyń túp maqsaty tabylmaqshy: Bútin halyq árqaisysy óz tileginshe ultynyń bilim-ónerin jalpy halyq saiýzynyń shyǵarǵan joly boiynsha orys halqymen qolǵa qol ustasyp órshite almaqshy; Osy uly Rýsiiany sonda ǵana, óziniń shyn týǵan jeri etip tappaqshy.
Umytpańyz! Ózimizdi basqa uqsas halyqtan aiyratyn belgimiz bolǵan ana tilimizdi bilsek qana osy maqsattarǵa ereshekpiz.
Eger ulttyń esh bilim-óneri bolmasa, onyń kásip-harakáti da nashar bolady. Munyń sońynda ol kúshti ulttyń quldyǵyna túsedi hám solaisha biraz ýaqyt ótken soń ol ult bútindei joq bolyp ketedi. Osy aitylǵandardyń bári de bilim-óneri bolmaǵan ulttyń ult emes ekendigine dálel. Iaǵni ultshyldyqtyń naǵyz belgisi bolyp tabylady – til, munan basqa aiyrmalarda ulttardyń bári de birdei bolady. Til eshbir ultta ózge nárselerge bas imeske tiis. Biz ony begirekte súiýge, hám túrli juqpaly shet tilderden saqtaýǵa boryshtymyz. Til – aina, onyń ishine bútin halyqtyń barlyq turmysy túsip turady.
Bala anasynyń qursaǵynda-aq óz ultynyń tilimen aýyzdanady, bútin denesi sonyńmenen azyqtanady, óskennen soń bala sol tildi jaryqqa shyǵarýǵa, órshitýge boryshty.
Eger biz ultty qymbatqa saisaq, bir birine súikimdi shyraimen turatyn bir aýla jannyń – halyq saiýzynyń teń dárejeli kisilerinen bolýǵa tilesek, biz ózimizdiń ana-tilimizdi bilýge mindettimiz.
Bul jumbaqtyń sheshýi, bul zor mindettiń kilti – ult mektepterindegi muǵalimderdiń ujdandaryna (kóńil-tilekterine) tapsyrylyp tur. Ultymyzǵa bilim-ónerdiń taralyp-taralmaýy muǵalimder jumysynyń oń baǵyt alyp-almaýyna bailaýly.
Qazaq halqynyń keleshektegi urpaǵynyń jazmysy da osyǵan tireýli. Bizdiń ana tilimizdi oqyp bilsek, sonyń arqasynda ultymyzdyń bilim-ónerin alǵa jiberemiz, órshitemiz. Bilimi ilgeri bolǵan jaqta tumystyń tiregi bolǵan kásip óner jolynyń keń bolatyndyǵy sheksiz málim, onda sharýashylyq jaǵy da orasan kúshti hám óte senimdi bolady.
Osy aitylǵan isterdi ornyna keltirgende ǵana biz óz ultymyzǵa aiyrym basqa halyqtardai bola alamyz.
Ordalyq balasy
(Ǵumar Qarashtyń «Durystyq joly» gazetiniń 1919 jylǵy 11 sáýirdegi №5 sanynda jariialanǵan maqalasy)
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