Túrkistandaǵy Q.A.Iasaýi kesenesinde jerlengen tarihi tulǵa týraly zertteýshilik paiym
Tursynbai Búrkitbaiuly HIH ǵasyrda Syr boiynyń orta aǵysynda ómir súrgen, daraboz qarym-qabiletimen, aqyl-oiynyń suńǵylalyǵymen, qaitpas qaisarlyǵymen jáne basshylyq darynymen aty máshhúr qairatker bolǵan. Ol 1798 jyly qazirgi Shieli, Syrdariia aýdandaryna qarasty Botabai, Tartoǵai aýmaǵynda dúnie esigin ashqan. Ata-anasy qazaqtyń mal baqqan qarapaiym sharýa adamdary eken. Jaratylysynan eti tiri, shiraq, paiym-parasaty men tabiǵi kúsh-qýaty eren, sózge júirik jigit azamattyq belsendiligimen erte kózge túsedi. Jas kezinde basqynshy Qoqan handyǵynyń bileýshi elitasynyń senimine kirip, sol memlekettegi tórtinshi joǵarǵy bilik laýazymy – datqa ataǵyn alady.
Keiinnen Aqmeshitti jaýlap alǵan Resei patshasy da oǵan zaýriad-horýnjii (joryqtaǵy ofitserlik shen) ataǵyn berip, ultymyzdyń sol tustaǵy betkeustar bir shoq zaiyrly, tirek-tutqa, jaqsy-jaisańdarymen birge imperiia astanasy Peterborǵa óziniń jeke saltanatty qabyldaýyna shaqyrady.
Al óziniń ómirlik belsendi qairatkerlik qyzmetimen, jaratylysynan dara týǵan ór minezi, aqyl-oiynyń júiriktigimen, úzdik sheshendik úlgisimen jáne ádildigimen, mámilegerlik qalpymen tanylǵan Tursynbai Búrkitbaiuly qazaq qoǵamynyń biraýyzdy ortaq uiǵarymymen mártebeli bi ataǵyn alady. Bul hannyń jarlyǵymen nemese úlken ulyqtyń buiryǵymen beriletin shendi laýazym emes-ti. Sailanbaly resmi qyzmet, ataq, dáreje de emes. Bul Qudaidyń bir aty – halyqtyń óziniń soǵan laiyqty tulǵaǵa qabilet-qarymyna, oi-óresiniń biiktigine, ómirdi sana kózimen oqyp biletin jáne sóz ónerin jete meńgergen qasietine qarai jalpy buqaranyń moiyndaýymen ǵana arnaiy qabyldanǵan eń joǵarǵy ataq, tanymaldyq bolatyn.
Tursynbai datqa qazaq halqy bostandyǵynan aiyrylyp, bodandyqqa boi ura bastaǵan tym aýyr kezeńde ǵumyr keshti. Alashtyń anasy – Syr óńirine suǵanaqtyqpen kóz tigip, jat ta jaý piǵyldylar jan-jaqtan jyrtqysh ańsha antalap turǵan-tyn. Osyndai tar jol, taiǵaq keshýli shaqta el erge qarady, namysshyl, qanyna qyzǵan atpal azamattarynyń qaýqaryna, qabiletine, qaharmandyq qarymyna úmit artty, sendi, solarǵa arqa súiedi. Mine, osy ekitalai sátte qazaǵyna qamqor aǵa da, jaǵa da bola alǵan ór tulǵalardyń biri – Tursynbai datqa edi.
Túrki álemin zertteýshi ǵalym Áýelbek Qońyratbaev bylai dep jazǵan bolatyn: «Aqmeshit pen Túrkistannyń arasyn Tursynbai Búrkitbaiuly basqardy. Óz ultyna qamqor, qorǵan bola bilgen er Qoqan hanynyń qolynan mert boldy». Biz búgin Tursynbai datqa týraly kónekóz qariialardan jetken shejire áńgimelerdi óskeleń jas urpaqqa ónege retinde qaldyrǵandy jón kórip otyrmyz.
Aqyn Mánsur Bekejanuly ataqty Turǵanbai datqanyń nemeresi Imanjúsip Qutpanulyna arnap jazǵan «Imanjúsipke hat» degen tarihi tolǵaýynda:
Besinshi datqa bolǵan Tursynbai bar,
Dabysy Qoqan-Hiýa, qyr-Syrda bar.
Eshbir jaý qarsy turyp kórgen emes,
Qylyshyn qynabynan sýyrsa ágar, – dep dáriptegen Tursynbai datqanyń batyrlyǵyna da esh daý joq.
Tursynbai Búrkitbaiuly orys biliginiń zaýriad-horýnjii sheninde de týǵan eliniń amandyǵyn, tynyshtyǵyn, sharýashylyǵyn qorǵap, aýyrtpalyǵyn jeńildetýge kúsh salǵan. Qaradan shyǵyp han bolǵandai bul jaratylysy erekshe jan rasynda qara shekpendi, qarapaiym ortadan tamyr tartyp, úlken memlekettik isterge aralasty. Jatjurttyqtardyń ózderi moiyndaǵandai, ol túrli aqyl-oi jetistikterin, amaldardy, ailany, mámilegerlik tásilderdi sheber qoldana bildi.
Kóptiń aýzynda júrgen sanany seltetkizerlik, estigen kisini eriksiz eleńdeterlik áńgime – Tursynbai datqanyń Syrdariianyń boiynda bir emes, tap sol eki jerde dar qurǵyzǵandyǵy týraly. Kóne jádigerlik derekter de sol aitylǵan tosyndaý jaitty rasqa shyǵarady. Naqtylai tússek, dardyń birinshisin sol kezdegi Aqmeshit qalasynan 90 shaqyrym jerdegi Boqtyóleń, qazirgi Botabai aýyly aýmaǵyndaǵy Altynbek aralyna qurǵan, al ekinshisin qaladan 20-25 shaqyrym jerdegi Myryshtyń túbegindegi «Qaiyrsýat» eldi mekeninde qum shyǵanaqqa ornatqan. Kórem degen kisige kúni búginde Boqtyóleńniń it tumsyǵy batpaityn qalyń toǵaiynyń arasynda sol baiaǵy dáýirdiń adamdarynyń záre-qutyn qashyrǵan ajal quralynyń qorqynyshty izderi áli kúnge sairap jatyr. Qazir de oǵan kóz tastaǵan jannyń júregin solq etkizip, úreiin ushyrǵandai. Zamanynda hannyń arnaiy jarlyq-ulyqsatymen júzege asqan joiqyn dúnie jergilikti bileýshige ne úshin zárý boldy eken? Atap aitarlyq jait, qurylǵan darlarǵa eshkim de asylmaǵan, iaki onda áldebireýdiń ómiri qiylmaǵan. Al endeshe, kezinde dúiim jurttyń degbirin qashyrǵan surqy susty páleket nege kerek boldy degen zańdy suraq kóńildi qara bulttai torlaidy.
Bul saýalǵa salǵan betten tujyrymdy jaýap bere qoiý qiyn. Ol úshin sol ýaqyttyń naqty tynysyn sezinýge, bileýshiniń buǵan qatysty saiasatyna oisha boilap kórýge talpynǵan lazym. Alýan pikirlerdiń aq-qarasyn aqyl bezbenine sala kelgende biz bir ornyqty oidyń ushtyǵyn ustaǵandai boldyq. Máseleniń arǵy-bergi jaqtaryn, astaryn sanada saralap, saliqaly túiin jasaýshylar dar qurý qanqumar qatygezdikti, bolmasa surqiia zulymdyqty ańsaýdan nemese kópke kópe-kórineý qyr kórsetý arqyly dóń-aibat shegýdi maqsat tutýdan emes, qoǵamdaǵy turaqtylyqty turlaýly etýdiń qamyn kúittegendikten qajet bolǵan degen ýájdi alǵa kóldeneń tartady. Shyndyǵynda, qolynda qazirgi qazynanyń qaraýyndaǵydai resmi soty, prokýratýrasy, politsiiasy joq datqa el ishindegi ekiniń birinde ushyrasyp jatatyn urlyq-qarlyq, barymta, tonaý, zorlyq-zombylyq, basqa da qiianatty kórinisterdiń betin qalai qaitarmaq? Endeshe, alys-jaqynnan tóngen qaýipti báseńdetý, qaterdi seiiltý úshin, jalpy, elge ie bolyp, halqynyń etek-jeńin jinaqy ustaý úshin, tentegi men telisin, suǵanaq urysyn tyiyp ustap, tártip pen ádilettilik ornatý úshin atalǵan qatqyl shara aýadai qajet bolǵan.
Syr boiynyń onsyz da kúnkórisi júdeý, deni qyzylsiraq turǵyndaryna Qoqannyń eselep salǵan alym-salyǵy aýyr soqqany aian. Búginge deiin jetken derekti hikaiattarǵa qaraǵanda, atalmysh kúrdeli áleýmettik-turmystyq máselege Tursynbai datqa únemi janyn sala aralasyp, salyqty azaitýdyń jáne qandastarynyń iyǵyna túsetin salmaqty jeńildetýdiń joldaryn jatpai-turmai izdestirgeni, munymen yqylas qoia tiianaqty ainalysqany, qal-qaderinshe halqyna qol ushyn berip qarasqany ańǵarylady. Buǵan qoqandyq sarbazdardyń onyń qaraýyndaǵy elge tize batyrmaq, tonaýshylyq jasamaq álimjettik áreketterin batyl túrde tyiyp, mártebeli han aldynda osyǵan qatysty qasqaiyp turyp sóz ustap, abyroiyn aibat qylyp, bedelin belbeýge túiip, tipten jeke basyn qurbandyqqa shalýǵa deiin barǵany dálel. Sol úshin Qoqan hanynyń abaqtysynda otyryp, zyndanyna túskendigi de aitylady.
Orys patshalyǵynyń syrt baqylaýshylarynyń Tursynbai Búrkitbaiulynyń qaraýyndaǵy eldiń turmys dárejesi jaqsy, baǵymyndaǵy maldary kúili, qalypty tirshilikterin jasap jatqandyǵyn resmi túrde tilge tiek etýi jaidan-jai emes.
Adamgershilik qasieti biik azamattyń jan dúniesi bai, peiili darqan, qushaǵy ashyq bolyp keletindigin Tursynbai datqa óziniń basshylyq tájiribesinde san márte dáleldegen. Bir joly Arqadan 60 úili arǵyn aǵaiyndar Syr eline qoparyla kóship kelip, qonys suraidy. El aǵasy alystan at arytyp jetken juraǵatqa qaraýyndaǵy atyrabynan turaqty qonysqa shuraily jer telimin bólip beredi. Sonaý alasapyran zamanda Tursynbai datqa qamqorlyqpen qanatynyń astyna alǵan shaǵyn shoǵyr aǵaiynnyń órisin keń jaiyp, urpaǵynyń ósip-órkendep otyrǵandyǵyna búgingi jurtshylyq kýá.
Jat jurttyqtarmen kúreste Tursynbai datqa jalǵyz bolmaǵan. Kenesary han, Naýryzbai batyr, Janqoja batyr, Buqarbai batyr, Janazar batyr bastaǵan qazaq sharýalary qoqandyqtar men hiýalyqtardyń Túrkistan, Sozaq, Saýran, Jańaqorǵan, Jólek, taǵy basqa bekinisterin san ret keskilesken urystardyń nátijesinde basyp alǵany belgili. Tursynbai datqanyń týysy Turǵanbai pansat Túrkistan tóńiregin bilep turǵanda 4 myń qolmen Qoqan biligine qarsy shyqqan. Bul Shilik kóterilisin Tursynbai da qoldaǵan, odan zardap shekken qandastaryna janashyrlyq bildirip, járdem qolyn sozǵan.
Qazaq bii Tursynbaidy Resei úkimeti aqylman, yqpaldy jergilikti basshy retinde tanyǵan. Onyń betin ózderine qarai buryp, múddelerin júzege asyrýǵa paidalaný úshin bar áreketterin jasap baǵady. Ár yńǵaida kótermelep, dáriptep, syi-siiapat jasap turýdy umytpaidy. Oǵan kórsetilgen qurmettiń eń mártebelisi – orystyń zaýriad-horýnjii áskeri sheni berilip, Stanislav lentasy jáne altyn medalmen marapattalýy, 13 adamnan turatyn qazaq shonjarlary shaǵyn tobynyń quramynda Peterborǵa arnaiy shaqyrylyp, II Aleksandr patshanyń saltanatty qabyldaýynda bolýy.
Tursynbai datqaǵa búgingi Shieli, Syrdariia aýdandaryna qarasty Botabai (Boqtyóleń), Tartoǵai, Aidarly, Jetikól jáne Amankeldi eldi mekenderiniń aýmaqtary qaraǵan.
Ol kisi tóńiregine eldiń igi jaqsylarymen qatar jaýjúrek batyrlaryn, din-islam jolyndaǵy adal pirádarlaryn, aýzymen qus tistegen dilmar sheshender hám kórkemsózdiń perisi atanǵan arqaly shaiyrlaryn toptastyrǵan. Mańdaiynda juldyzy jarqyraǵan bul óreli azamattardyń aishyqty alqasynda jat piǵyldy shapqynshylarǵa qaqyrata soqqy berip, qandastaryn qaýip-qaterden qorǵaǵan ot júrekti Janazar batyr, Baspaq batyr, áýlielik jáne emshilik, kóripkeldik qasietterimen tamam Syr atyrabynyń syily adamyna ainalǵan Qulboldy ishan, sóz marjanyn tókken jalyndy aqyn Budabai bar. Jaqsynyń qasyna jaqsylar ergen, al munyń ózi Tursynbai bidiń adam janynyń, minez-qulqynyń da synshysy, ilkimdi qasietterdi qasterleýshi bolǵandyǵynan habar berse kerek.
1853 jyly orys otarlaýshylary Aqmeshitti basyp alǵanymen, odan ári 10 jyl boiy jylji almady. Demek, Qoqannyń qaraýyndaǵy óz ieliginen bastalǵan aimaq Túrkistanǵa deiin sozylyp jatty, onyń ishinde Tursynbaidyń datqalyq aýmaǵy da áli sol baiaǵysynsha hanǵa baǵynyshty bolatyn. Onyń ústine ol eliniń amandyǵy úshin eki tarapqa da qyzmet jasap, orystarmen de ymyragershilik tanytty. Elden hanǵa jinalatyn salyqtyń qyspaǵyna qasaqana qarsy turdy. Árine, munyń barshasy hannyń qulaǵyna jetip jatty, oǵan unamaǵany, ishtei kek túigeni aidan anyq. Áitkenmen, zaman basqa, ol bilik iesiniń burynǵydai basa kóktep, kúshke salyp, belden qaiystyratyn qaýqary joq. Oǵan endigi jerde ákki túlkidei zymiiandyq áreketke barýyna týra keldi. Solai boldy da. Birde ańǵal batyrdy quzyryna aldap shaqyryp, qaraýlyq piǵylyn amalǵa asyrdy. Ótirik kólgirsip, syilaǵan bolyp otyryp, keri qaitýǵa bet alǵanda Tursynbai datqanyń eriniń taralǵysyna ýyty kúshti ý jaqqyzyp jiberedi. Qairan esil er qapiiada jasalǵan qastandyqtan Sozaq jerine, Sholaqqorǵanǵa jetkende ajal qushady. Denesi qasietti Túrkistandaǵy Áziret sultan kesenesine jerlenedi. Bul 1863 jyl bolatyn.
Budan eki ǵasyr buryn osynaý qasietti Syr boiynda ǵumyr keship, jaý jaǵadan alyp, bóri etekten shalǵan qiyn-qystaý kezeńde týǵan halqyna adal qyzmet ete bilgen Tursynbai datqanyń jaqsy aty elimen birge jasasyp, ómiri urpaqtary arqyly jalǵasyp keledi. Teginde, bul dala bileýshisiniń kindiginen on ul jáne biraz qyz bala tarapty. Olardyń ishinde, ásirese, tegine tartyp el bilegen Álmámbet, Júsipnazar, Smaiyl syndy azamattardyń atqarǵan qyzmeti kúni búginge deiin jurtshylyqtyń jadynda. Bulardyń bári de bolys bolǵan.
«Elim úshin janym qurban, halqymnyń qara toqtysy bolyp baýyzdalyp ketsem armanym joq». Bul Tursynbai bidiń ómirlik ustanymy, ainymas kredosy, kirshiksiz ar-ojdanynyń asqaq jelbiregen týyndai júrekjardy sergek te sert sezimi. San qily tartysty, taǵdyrly, teketires jáne tirshilik úshin eges syndarly sátterdiń birinde Qoqan hanynyń aldynda aibarmen aitylǵan sóz kórinedi. Qajetti jerinde shalt qimyldap, jedel sheshim qabyldaityn, batyrlyq ańǵaldyǵyna da salyp jiberetin Tursynbai datqanyń osynaý jalyndy uran-sózinen otansúigishtiktiń, eli úshin ózin de qurbandyqqa shalǵan qaisarlyqtyń lebi aiqyn esip turǵan joq pa? Qaharman qairatkerdiń ómir jolyna kóz jibersek, onyń sózi men isinde alshaqtyqtyń bolmaǵany kózge uryp tur. Bul – shyn máninde urpaqqa uran, óskeleń jastarǵa ómirlik ónege.
Qýanysh MAHANBET,
jýrnalist
Qyzylorda oblysy
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