1916 jyly Oral óńirinde bolǵan ult-azattyq kóterilister
Resei patshasy Birinshi dúniejúzilik soǵysta maidandaǵy qara jumystarǵa 19 ben 31 jas aralyǵyndaǵy jigitterdi shaqyrý týraly 1916 jyly 25 iiýn kúngi jarlyǵyna qarsy Oral óńiriniń birneshe bolysynda halyq kóterilisi boldy. Shyńǵyrlaý, Bórli, Shili, Qarakól, Sonaly, Óleńti, Qarabaý, Jubanyshkól, Qaraoba, Qaldyǵaity, Buldyrty bolystaryndaǵy kóterilister óz halinshe uiymdastyryldy.
Tarih ǵylymdarynyń kandidaty Isatai Nasekenuly Kenjáliev «Batys Qazaqstan qasyretti jyldary» (Oral. 2000 jyl.) kitabynyń 31-betinde: «Oral oblysynyń 50 myńnan astam azamaty tizimge ilindi. Bul áreket el ishinde narazylyq týǵyzdy. Maidanǵa barmaimyz deýshiler kóbeidi. Bórli bolysynda, Shyńǵyrlaý, Taisoiǵan qumy, Oiyl ózeni jaǵynda bas kóterýshiler bolyp, el arasynda tolqý bastaldy» dep jazdy.
Berkin Qurmanbekov «Oral óńiriniń ult-azattyq kóterilisi» degen maqalasynda (Batys Qazaqstan oblystyq «Oral óńiri» gazeti. 1993 jyl, 14 qyrkúiek) «Patsha úkimetiniń iiýn jarlyǵyna qarsy qatty qarsylyq kórsetken eldiń biri – Sonaly bolysy boldy. «Kalmykov qalasyna tizim tapsyrylady» degen habardy estigen soń Esenǵali Dáýesuly (durysy Senǵali Dáýeshuly - Q.H.) bastaǵan 200-den astam jigit №14 aýyldyń starshinasy Q.Jantóliulynyń jasaǵan tizimin tartyp alyp, órtep jibergen», - dep jazdy.
Ilbishin ýezindegi Sonaly bolysy
Juban Moldaǵaliev atyndaǵy Batys Qazaqstan oblystyq ámbebap kitaphananyń sirek qorynda saqtaýly «Pamiatnaia knijka i adres-kalendar Ýralskoi oblasti» degen kitaptaǵy derekke súiensek, Oral oblysynyń Ilbishin ýezine qarasty Sonaly bolysynda 1902 jyly 14 aýylda 10. 661 adam turǵan.
1903 jyly Sonaly bolysyn Muhamedjan Saryǵojin bilese, 1904 jyly Tólegen Imanǵaziev Sonaly bolysyna ýpravitel bolyp sailanypty. Ol 1905 jyly bolystyqty óz erkimen tapsyryp, ornyna Muhamedjan Saryǵojin qaitadan sailanyp, bul jumysty ómiriniń sońǵy jyly 1916 jylǵa deiin atqarypty. Ol qaitys bolǵan soń týǵan inisi Kósherbai Sarǵojin sailanypty. Kósherbaidy aǵaiyndary men aýyldastary «Tapai» dep ataǵan. Ol eki klastyq orys-qazaq mektebin bitirgen eken. Kósherbaidyń balasy Sabyrjan Saryǵojin – patsha armiiasynyń general-maiory, keiin Batys Alashorda áskeriniń qolbasshysy bolǵan.
Kóterilis qalai bastaldy?
Ilbishin ýezine qarasty Sonaly bolysynda patsha jarlyǵyn oryndaý úlken yjdaǵatpen júrgizilgen. Bolys Kósherbai Sarǵojin qasyna nókerleri men hatshysyn (pisarin) ilestirip, Sýlykól, Batpaqkól, Sonaly, Úshaǵash aýyldaryn aralapty. Jigitterdi taýyp, tizimge jazǵan. Buǵan narazy bolǵan el jigitteri atqa qonady. Kóterilis basshylarynyń biri – Senǵali Dáýeshev edi.
1975 jyldyń jazynda 76 jastaǵy qaldyǵaitylyq Baqtyǵali aǵamen kezdesip, áńgimelestim. Ol Sonaly kóterilisine bastan-aiaq qatysyp, aman qalǵan azamat eken.
- Sonaly kóterilisi bolǵan 1916 jyly 17 jastaǵy jigit edim. Kóterilisti bastaýshylar qatarynda táriske aýylynan Muqash Qojahmetov, baiǵabyl aýylynan Senǵali Dáýeshov, Qoishybai Jampauly boldy, - dep bastady áńgimesin Baqtyǵali Shonaev aqsaqal.
«Aýyl jigitteri Tapai bolystyń tizim jasap, Kinázǵa apara jatqanyn estigende, ashýǵa minip, bolys aýylyn shaýyp, jasaqtalǵan tizimdi órtep, bolys pen pisarlardi sabamaq, qajet etse óltirip tastamaqqa kelisti. Osylai aptyǵyp, ashýlanyp júrgende, baiǵabyl Dáýeshtiń uly Senǵali aýylǵa jazǵy demalysqa kelgen eken. Alaqandai aýyldaǵy dúmpýdi estigen ol jigitterge keldi.
Olar: «Patsha jarlyǵyna qarsy ne isteimiz? Qalai maidandaǵy qara jumysqa barmai qalamyz?» – desti.
Orys áskeri – soǵysqa arnaiy daiyndalǵan, tipti zeńbirek degen quraly bar arnaiy jasaq. Zeńbirek oǵynyń úlkendigi doptai. Ol jarylǵanda ainalasyn túgel jaipap ketedi. Olarǵa qarsy myna soiyl men shoqpar túk te emes. Bosqa qyrylyp qalasyńdar. Artyńda kempir-shal, áiel-bala jetim qalady. Meniń aitqanymdy tyńdasańdar, priemǵa barmaýdyń bir joly – aýyl-aýyldy aralap, daiyndaǵan tizimdi qolǵa túsirip, órtep jiberý. Tizim joiylǵan soń, jigitter shaqyrýdan qutylady, - dedi Senǵali. Jigitter bul aqylǵa kelisti.
Bolystyń artynan qýyp jetip, tizimdi qolǵa túsirýdi oilap, atqa mingenderdiń quramynda men de boldym. Senǵali Dáýeshov, Ábý Jupbaev, Qýanaly Tóleshov, Qoishybai Jampauly soiyl-shoqparmen qarýlanyp, aýyl jigitterin bastap, shapshańdata shaýyp otyryp, bolys aýylyna barsaq, №14 aýyldyń starshyny Atalyq-Jamansha Qali Jantolyuly tizimdi alyp, Kniazǵa ketip qalypty.
Artynan qýyp shapqan biz starshyndy ákesiniń ataqonysy «Jantoly shyǵyry» degen jerde qýyp jettik. Nókerleriniń soiyldasqan qarsylyǵyna qaramastan, starshyndy atynan aýdaryp, pisardiń qorjynyndaǵy tizimdi tartyp aldyq. Qali starshyndy sabadyq, biraq óltirmedik. Nókerlerin de osylai jasadyq. Tizimdi órtep, úlkekn sharýany bitirgendei kóterińki kóńilmen aýylǵa qaittyq.
Belgilengen kestede kórsetilgen kúni tizimdi Kalmykovka ákelip tapsyrmaǵan №14 aýyldyń bolysy, starshyn Qali Jantolyulyn Kniazǵa shaqyrypty. Ýez bastyǵy jaza berýge jinalǵanda, Qali «Jantoly shyǵyry» túbinde bolǵan jaǵdaidy sol kúiinde baiandapty. Ózińniń basyn saýǵalaǵan ýezd bastyǵy Sonaly bolysyndaǵy kóterilis jaily Oral qalasyna habarlapty.
Oral gýbernatorynyń buiryǵy boiynsha atty kazaktardyń qarýly otriady atqa qonǵan. Senǵali aitqandai, sol kezeńniń soǵys quraldary – zeńbirek, pýlemetpen qarýlanǵan otriad berilgen tapsyrmaǵa sáikes Kalmykov selosy arqyly Sonaly bolysy betine shyǵypty...»
Senǵali Dáýeshev kim edi?
Senǵali Dáýeshulynyń ákesi – Dáýesh myńǵyrta mal aidamaǵanmen, balalaryn oqytýǵa qabyleti keletin aýqatty adam bolsa kerek. Dáýeshtiń 9 uly, bir qyzy bolǵan. Dáýeshuly Senǵali 1891 jyly Dáýesh qystaǵynda dúniege kelgen. Ákesi osy balasyna kóńil bólip, onyń bilim alýyna baryn salǵan. Áýeli aýyl moldasy Dáýletiiar ishanǵa oqytqan. Keiin qudandalyǵyn paidalanyp, Rossiianyń qurmetti azamaty, Sonaly bolysynyń ýpraviteli Muhanbetjan (Aqsholaq) Sarǵojinge balasynyń eti tiri, pysyq ekenin, endi oryssha oqytqysy keletin oiyn aitypty. Aqsholaq qudasynyń bul oiyn qoldap, kómek jasaityndyǵyn, qaladaǵy oqý aqyly ekenin, quda balasy Senǵalidy óz qarajatynan oqytatynyn aitypty.
Osylaisha Aqsholaqtyń adamgershiligi arqasynda Senǵali Oral qalasyndaǵy tórtbasqyshtyq realdy ýchilishege qabyldanypty. Oralda oqyp júrgende orys tilin jaqsy meńgeripti. Demokratiialyq kózqarasta bolypty. 1916 jyly jazǵy demalysqa aýylǵa kelse, Aqsholaq pravitel jaman aýrýdan qaityp, onyń ornyna inisi Kósherbai (Tapai) bolys bolǵan eken. Senǵali aýylda mal sońynda júrgen qazaq jigitteriniń basyn qosady. Jandáýlet Dosanaliev, Qojahmet Bekbaýov, Muqash Qojahmetov, Ábýǵali Jupbaev, Baqtyǵali Shonaev taǵy basqalary atqa minedi.
«Patsha qyldy zorlyqty...»
Sonaly kóterilisiniń 61 jyldyǵyna orai burynǵy chekist Aldabargen Alapaev Batys Qazaqstan oblystyq «Oral óńiri» gazetiniń 1977 jylǵy №20 (13322) sanynda jariialanǵan «Sonaly oqiǵasy» degen estelik maqalasynda kóptegen derek qaldyrǵan.
«...Patsha jarlyǵyna qarsy uiymdastyrylǵan aýyl kedeileriniń kóterilisin basýǵa Oral gýbernatorynyń buiryǵy boiynsha atty kazaktardyń qarýly otriady shyqqan. Zeńbirek, myltyqpen qarýlanǵan atty kazaktar Kalmykov selosy arqyly ótip, Qarakól bolysynyń kóterilisshilerimen Oiyl ózeniniń boiynda kezdesip, keskilesken urys bolypty. Qylyshpen qarýlanǵan kóterilisshilerden shyǵyn kóp bolǵan.
Oiyl ózeniniń boiyn qyzyl qanǵa boiaǵan kazaktar otriady sai-salany saǵalap, qum-shaǵyldarǵa boi tasalap qashqan jigitterdi qýýǵa eringen. Qolǵa túsken ereýilshilerdi qinaǵan. Kóterilis basshysy Esenǵali Sarybópinmen birge kóp jigitti aiaq-qolyn kisendep, Oral qalasyna jaiaý aidapty.
Qarakól bolysy kóterilisshilerin talqandaǵan jazalaýshy otriad endi Sonaly bolysyna kele jatqany týraly habar el arasyna tez taraidy. Baiǵabyl, Táriske, Oljai aýylynyń jigitteri de qarýlanyp, atqa qonyp, kazaktardy qarsy alýǵa daiarlanady. Jastaiynan joqshylyq pen kedeilikti kóp kórgen oljai aýylynyń jigiti Ahmet Esetov olarǵa basshylyq etedi. Aýyl jigitteri qarýly otriad kele jatqan joldaǵy «Esirkemis» shaǵyly boiyndaǵy qaraǵan men shaǵyrdy panalap, bekingendegi maqsaty – otriadty osy shaǵyl eteginde qarsy alyp, toitarys berý. Qoldan kelse, Sonaly aýylyna qarýly kúshti ótkizbeý.
Kele jatqan atty kazak áskeri jaily shuǵyl habardy «Esirkemis» shaǵylynyń shetindegi «Kómbe» degen shaǵyldyń shoqysynan jetkizgende Aldabergen Alapaev on bir jastaǵy bala eken.
- Jaý áskerin Esirkemis shaǵylynyń túbinde qarsylaityn boldyq. Oljai Ahmet Esetuly orys áskeriniń kele jatqanyn habarlaý úshin rýlas aǵaiyny Alapaidyń balasy Aldabergendi shaǵylǵa baqylaýǵa qoidy. Orys áskerimen betpe-bet kezdeskende, olar bizdi jeńdi. Bárimizdi tutqyndap, Kalmykovqa jaiaý aidap baryp, odan ári Oral túrmesine aidaldyq. Sol kezde Jandáýlet Dosanáliev – 25 jasta, men – 17 jasta, Ábýǵali Jupbaev- 32 jasta, Qýanáli Tólesov – 36 jasta, Senǵali Dáýeshov – 26 jasta ekenbiz, - dep eske alady Baqtyǵali Shonaev aqsaqal.
Túrme taýqymeti
...Qandai batyr bolsa da, naiza, qylyshpen qarýlanǵan sonalylyqtardyń kóterilisi «Qyzyl kól» túbinde jeńilis tabady. Uiymdastyrýshy jetekshilerin áýeli Kalmykov túrmesine jaiaý aidaidy. Ilbishin ýeziniń bastyǵy fon Geller Dáýeshov Senǵalidy Kalmykov túrmesindegi abaqty bólmesinen aldyryp, jaýaptaidy. Senǵali ózimen birge tutqyndalǵan Muqash Qojahmetov, Jandáýlet Dosanáliev, Qojahmet Bekbaýov, Ábýǵali Jupbaev, Qýanáli Tóleshov, Qoishybai Jampiev aýylda júrgen, kóteriliske esh qatysy joq adamdar ekenin aityp, «Priemǵa baratyndardyń tizimin jasap alyp, Kalmykovqa ketken Sonaly bolysyndaǵy №14 aýyldyń starshyny Qali Jantolyulyn «Jantoly shyǵyry» degen jerde artynan qýyp jetip, sabap, tizimdi tartyp alǵan men. Ózin sabadym, biraq óltirmegenimdi, tizimdi ózim órtegenimdi moiyndaimyn. Qandai jaza berseńder de ázirmin. Eshqandai aiyńby joq ózgelerdi bosatýyńyzdy suraimyn» - degen eken.
Fon Geller oǵan senbei, Senǵali Dáýeshovpen qosa bir top sonaly jigitin Oral qalasyna jaiaý aidatypty.
1916 jyldyń shilde aiynda Oral túrmesine qamalǵan sonalylyq 15 jigitti Oral jandarmeriialyq soty sottap, darǵa asý arqyly ólim jazasy berý jaily úkim shyǵarǵan.
Túrmede kóterilisshiler qatty qysym kórgen. Kún saiyn úsh kisini túrme alańyna shyǵaryp, darǵa asady eken. Úkim oryndalatyn kúni túrme nadziratelderi ózge tutqyndardy da túrme aýlasyna qýyp shyǵarǵan. Maqsat – kóteriliske qatysqany úshin ólim jazasyna kesilgenderdiń júikesine qatty áser etý.
Shyńǵyrlaýdyń Kindikti, Qaraǵash, Qaratóbeniń Jaqsybai bolystarynyń kóterilisshi jigitteri darǵa asylyp, kezek sonalylyqtarǵa jaqyndaidy. Osy kezde, 1917 jyldyń aqpan aiynda bolǵan Rossiia býrjýaziialyq demokratiialyq tóńkeris patshany taqtan qulatty. Ornyna kelgen Ýaqytsha úkimet, onyń ádilet ministri, keiin premer-ministri bolǵan A.Kerenskiidiń birinshi Jarlyǵy – okop qazý jumystarynda júrgen «buratanalardy» elderine qaitaryp, «priemǵa» qarsy shyǵyp, túrmege qamalǵandardy bosatyp, qashyp júrgenderge izdeý salýdy toqtatý bolypty!
Osy Ýkazdyń arqasynda darǵa asylar kezegin kútip jatqandar birjola aqtalyp, abaqtydan bosatylyp shyǵaryldy. Solardyń biri – Sonaly kóterilisine qatysqandar, kóterilis jetekshisi Senǵali Dáýeshuly bolatyn.
Sóitip, Sonaly kóterilisiniń basshylary da bosap, elge kelip, aýyldaǵy ómirge qyzý aralasyp ketedi.
P.S. Senǵali Sovet ókimetiniń alǵashqy jyldary Jympitynyń Kózdiqara aýyl sovetiniń tóraǵasy bolǵan. Bolshevikter partiiasyna ótip, Oiylǵa kóship ketken. Oiyl aýdandyq Sovetinde jaýapty jumys jasaidy. Oiyl aýdandyq tutynýshylar odaǵy basqarmasynyń bastyǵy bolady. Alaida 1929 jyldyń kúzinde, 38 jasynda belgisiz dertten kenetten qaitys bolǵan. Aǵaiyndary marqumnyń denesin alyp kelip, Qaldyǵaity aýylynyń ortasyndaǵy ziratqa jerlegen.
...Mine, biyl 100 jyl tolyp otyrǵan Sonaly kóterilisiniń qysqasha tarihy osyndai.
Qaiyrjan HASANOV,
ardager jýrnalist,
ólketanýshy
"DanaKaz" jýrnaly. 2016 jyl
Belgili ólketanýshy Qaiyrjan Hasanovtyń «Sonaly kóterilisi» kitabynan yqshamdap berilgen
