sýret ashyq derekkózden alyndy
Shyńǵys hannyń nemeresi, Tóleniń uly Qubaǵul (Hýlagý) 1253 jyly kúzge qarai, sol ýaqyttaǵy Kishi Aziiadaǵy eń aibyndy jáne asa zor kúsh–qýatqa ie musylman elderiniń biri jáne biregeii Parsy jurtyna joryqqa attanady. Ony ispan jylnamashysy jáne elshisi Klaviho bylai dep jazady: «Ot straha pri etom soobshenii v gorah nachinalis zemletriaseniia, a serdtsa korolei trepetali». Degenmen osynaý jaýlap alý saparyna shyqpas buryn, Qubaǵul áskeri úlken daiyndyqtan ótedi. Uly han Móńkeniń jarlyǵyna orai, Qubaǵul armiiasyna Batyl (Batý) men Shaǵatai ieliginen qosymsha sany kóp qosyndar jinalady. Bári aitarlyqtai tiianaqty daiyndyqtan ótken soń, ulan- ǵaiyr Deshti-Qypshaq dalasynan Kishi Aziiaǵa qarai bet alady.
Osy arada sheginis jasap, qysqa ǵana bolashaq Kishi Aziia imperatory Qubaǵul týraly aita keteiik.
Qubaǵul bala kezinen óte ójet jáne tentekteý bolyp ósedi. Qasyndaǵy tetelesterine qaraǵanda shapshań, dalada jattyǵyp júrgende: sadaq atýdan mergen jáne at ústinde naizalasqanda, qataryndaǵylardy túsirip ketetin bolǵan. Eshteńeden ońailyqpen qaimyqpaityn. Onyń bolmysyn keibir ǵylymi eńbekterde bylai dep kórsetedi:
«Kogda Chingis-han vozvratilsia posle zavoevaniia sosednei Srednei Azii i doshiol do predelov svoih ord, k nemý vyshli navstrechý Kýbilai (Qubylai), kotoromý bylo odinnadtsat let, i Hýlagý (Qubaǵul), kotoromý bylo deviat let. Slýchaino v eto vremia Kýbilai podbil zaitsa, a Hýlagý dikýiý kozý v mestnosti Ala - goi, na granitse strany naimanov, bliz Imil-Kýchina (qazirgi ShQO, Úrjar aýdanyndaǵy Kishi Emil ózeni. Sonymen qatar, osy ózen men Jalańash kóldiń aralyǵynda, týra Qytai shekarasyna jaqyn ornalasqan Shyńǵys han saiy bar. Muny jergilikti turǵyndar Shyńǵys hannyń Qytaidy shabýǵa bara jatqandaǵy, damyldaǵan oryny deidi jáne osy oblysta Shyńǵys taýy bar) po tý storoný reki Hile (Almaty oblysy, Ile ózeni), poblizosti ot oblasti ýigýrov. Obychai je kipchakov takov, chto v pervyi raz, kogda malchiki ohotiatsia, ih bolshomý paltsý [na rýke] delaiýt smazký, to est ego natiraiýt miasom i jirom. Chingiz-han samolichno smazal ih paltsy. Kýbilai vzial bolshoi palets Chingiz-hana legonko, a Hýlagý shvatil krepko. Chingiz-han skazal: „Etot poganets prikonchil moi palets!“». Mine, bala Qubaǵuldyń tabiǵaty osyndai bolǵan.
Alaida, osy uly joryq bastalmai turyp, aldyn - ala biraz ýaqyt buryn jiberilgen elshiler, qalyń ásker júretin joldardaǵy búkil jaiylymdardy bular úshin saqtaýǵa jáne tiispeýge shartarap elderine habar taratady. Eger muny orys tilindegi nusqasynda aitatyn bolsaq: «Vo vseh stranah ot Týrkestana do Horasana i vplot do Rýma (Malaia Aziia) i Grýzii trava byla vnesena v zapretnýiý kategoriiý: «nikto ne doljen podhodit k etoi trave». Emiry i mestnye praviteli byli otvetstvenny za obespechenie prodovolstviem voinov. Tysiachi kitaiskih injenerov soprovojdali ekspeditsiiý, chtoby soorýjat katapýlty, ognemety i mashiny dlia strelby ognennymi strelami; oni byli spetsialistami v osadnyh operatsiiah. Kezindegi dala qypshaǵy Shyńǵys han dinastiiasynyń kúshi jáne ústemdigi degen osy emes pe! Uly daladan joryqqa shyqqan Qubaǵul armiiasy (oni dvinýlis v pahod s Jeltoi ravniny, - deidi ǵylymi eńbekterinde Hilda Hýkhem), (tegi, bul Saryarqa boldy ǵoi) aldymen ózderinen kóp alys emes Almalyq qalasyna keledi. Osy arada at sýytqan olar, kóp bógelmei, ary asady. Biraq, olar joryq jolynda bolǵanymen, sondailyq asyǵa qoimaǵan sekildi. 1255 jyldyń jazynda Samarqandtyń qasyndaǵy Qany – Gúl jailaýyna kelip, aýadaǵy ystyq basylǵansha edáýir ýaqyt damyldaidy. Osy arada Maverannahrdyń ámiri bulardy qushaq jaia qarsy alyp, shatyr qurady. Orysshasynda bylai deidi: «palatký iz zolotyh i shelkovyh tkanei, kotoraia byla pokryta belym voilokom i pochti sorok dnei oni byli v takom sosedstve i postoiannom pirovanii i dobryh otnosheniiah». Odan ári, biraz jyljyp, keiingi ǵasyrda týǵan Ámir Temirdiń eli sanalatyn Shahrisiiabz qystaýynda bir ai shamasynda bógeledi. 1256 jyly jolyndaǵy Amýdariia ózeninen ótip, Persiianyń shekarasyna enedi. Aldymen ózderine alǵashqy bolyp shabýyl jasaǵan Ismail áskerin tas-talqanyn shyǵarady. Bular, XI ǵasyrdyń ekinshi jartysynda ál – Hasan patshanyń arnaiy qurǵan musylman sektasynyń qalyń sarbazdary bolatyn. 1258 jyly sol kezdegi asa iri Baǵdad qalasyn jaýlap alady. Sóitip, biliktegi Abbasidter halifatyn tutasymen ózderiniń ieligine alady. Halifattyń ózin kilemge orap, tepkilep óltiredi. Kezindegi dala qypshaqtarynyń dástúrinde, han nemese patsha tuqymyn baqilyqqa jibererde, olardyń qanyn shashpai, ne býyndyryp, nemese osyndai tásilmen qanyn tókpei orap, kúshtep óltirgen. Sonymen, Kishi Aziiadaǵy kóshpeli qypshaqtardyń jańa memleketi paida bolady. Dálirek aitqanda, bul imperiiaǵa: qazirgi batysyndaǵy Irak aýmaǵy tutasymen, sondai-aq, ońtústiginde Fars, shyǵysynda Horasan, soltústiginde Medee atyraby (iaǵni aitqanda, osy kúngi Ázirbaijan, Armeniia jáne Grýziianyń jartysy) qamtylady.
Qalai desek te, kezindegi Parsy eli bilik júrgizgen aimaqtardyń, dálirek aitqanda, sol tustaǵy aýyl sharýashylyǵy aitarlyqtai joǵary dárejede damyǵan bolatyn. Sonymen qatar, bul ólkelerde qala salý, bolat qorytý, ózge de qol óner kásibi shama - sharqynsha ilgeri damyp, ósip - jetilip, órkendeýi jaǵynan kári qurlyqtan álde qaida alda turǵan kezi edi. Taǵy da aiyryqsha eskerte keterimiz, jaýlap alynǵan osy elderde, ózenderge bóget salyp, onyń sýyn egis alqaptaryna shyǵaryp, maqtalyq jáne kókónis alqaptaryn sýǵarý, ońdy jolǵa qoiylǵan bolatyn. Qypshaq dalasynan kelgen, Qubaǵuldyń shapqynshylyǵynan keiin, bul damyǵan aimaqtar biraz ýaqytqa daǵdarysqa ushyrady. Degenmen, Qubaǵuldyń shóberesi Qazan (Gazan) hannyń tusynda, atasy qurǵan imperiia kóptegen jetistikterge jetip, shynymen de joǵary dárejede órkendeidi. Ásirese, qurlyq aralyq saýda – sattyq múmkindiginshe shapshań damyp, Uly qaǵanattyń kúsheiip, jetilýine asa zor yqpal etedi. Munymen qosa, óz ýaqytynda qypshaq dalasynan kelgen qalyń ásker de, jergilikti turǵyndarmen jaqyn aralasyp, kele – kele bileýshisi Qazan han sekildi, musylman dinin qabyldaidy. Osy Qubaǵuldyń shóberesiniń tusynda, bul elde qarjylyq reforma júrgizilip, shyǵarǵan aqshalary birneshe tilde jazylǵan bolatyn jáne ol osy eldiń aitarlyqtai tabysqa jetýine úlken múmkindik týǵyzdy. Biraq, Kishi Aziia aýmaǵyn tutas alyp jatqan imperiianyń álsireýine ásirese onyń quramyndaǵy shaǵyn Ázirbaijan eli qatty áser etedi. Nege deseńiz, kezinde Qubaǵul joryqqa shyǵardyń aldynda biraz qosynyn qosqan Altyn Orda imperiiasynyń keiingi handary, Qazannan, kezinde bergen kómekteriniń óteýine damyǵan, bai Ázirbaijan elin berýdi talap etedi. Sondai – aq, bul shaǵyn ǵana el, eki zor qaǵanattyń týra shekarasyna ornalasqan edi. Biligindegi memlekettiń álsirep qalýyna jol bergisi kelmegen uly hannyń shóberesi ońailyqpen kónbeidi. Óstip, dalalyq qypshaqtardyń qurǵan eki iri imperiiasynyń arasynda jaýlyq paida bolyp, keiinnen bitispes soǵysqa ainaldy. Taǵy bir eskerte keteiik, Kishi Aziia aýmaǵyna ornalasqan bul qýatty qaǵanattyń álsireýine, kórshisi Siriia jáne Mysyr memleketin bilegen mámlúk sultandarynyń, bulardyń jasaǵan birneshe joryǵyna túbegeili toitarys berip, aitarlyqtai shyǵyn keltiredi. Qaityp bulardyń Mysyr baǵytyna aiaq basýyna shekteý qoiady. Osylaisha, óz ýaqytynda negizin Deshti – Qypshaq dalasynyń kóshpeli turǵyndary qurǵan uly imperiianyń aqyrǵy bilik iesi Ábý – Seiit (Abý – Saiid) dúnieden ótken soń, bir kezderi qylyshynan qan tamǵan aibyndy imperiia jeke – jeke shaǵyn elderge bólinip, tarap ketti.
Beisenǵazy Ulyqbek
Qazaqstan Jýrnalister Odaǵynyń múshesi
