(oilar, boljamdar, joramaldar)
Elimiz boiynsha 14-naýryz kúni "kórisý dástúri" tek Qazaqstannyń batys oblystary men soǵan irgeles jatqan Reseidiń negizinen qazaqtar mekendeitin óńirlerine ǵana tán.Tarihtyń tar tustarynda alyp kórshimizdiń menshigine "ótip ketken" quiqaly jerler kezindegi aibary asqan mańǵyt pen alshynnyń ata-jurty edi. Muqiiat kóz toqtatqan adam "kórisýdiń" geografiialyq aýmaǵy baitaq Qazaqstannyń negizinen Kishi júz territoriiasymen shekteletinin ańǵarary haq. Nege bulai? Demek "kórisýdiń" qupiia kiltin ashqymyz kelse, ólke etnografiiasynyń erekshe qyry men syryna tereńirek úńilip, óńir tarihynyń tuńǵiyǵyna boilai túskenimiz jón.Kórisý ǵurpynyń tamyry qaida jatqanyn indete zerttegen etnograftar men tarihshylar atalmysh salttyń tórkinin kóne túrki-monǵol dástúrimen bailanystyryp júr. Qosh!
Máselen, Mańǵystaý ólkesiniń tarihyn uzaq ýaqyt boiy zerttegen Andrei Astafev "Amal (Kórisý) merekesiniń tamyry mońǵol men tývalyq halyqtarda jatqanyna" zer salsa, tarihshy Asylbek Baitanuly "Shaǵan (Tsagan sar) - mońǵol halqynyń dástúrli jańa jyl merekesi kúninde toilanatyn "Zolgoh" dástúri men bizdegi "Kórisý" kúniniń tuspa-tus kelýinde erekshe mán bar ekenine" kóńil bóledi. Keltirilgen oi-tujyrymdardan neni baiqap, qandai jaitty ańǵarýǵa bolady? Osy rette áli kúnge deiin jurtshylyq kóp nazar aýdara qoimaǵan óńir tarihyndaǵy bir jasyryn syrdy sýyrtpaqtaýǵa bolatyn siiaqty. Sh.Ýálihanovtyń paiymdaýy boiynsha "Edil men Jaiyq - orystardyń Altyn Orda dep ataityn jeri". Álbette, Edil-Jaiyq aralyǵy Altyn Ordanyń epitsentri, astanalary Sarai-Batý men Sarai-Berke Edildiń, Saraishyq Jaiyqtyń boiynda jatqanyn eshkim joqqa shyǵara almaidy. Zertteýshi V.L.Egorov "Altyn Orda aýmaǵynda 110-140 qala bolǵandyǵyn" sipattasa, tarihshy E.Zilivinskaia olardyń sany "210 shaharǵa jetkenine" senimdi. Solardyń biri - ózimizdiń Jaiyq qalashyǵy (13-15 ǵǵ.).
Ótken joly jariialaǵan "Osy jurt "Han toǵaiyn" bile me eken?" dep atalatyn jazbamyzda so Altyn Orda zamanynan kúni búginge deiin esh ózgerissiz jetken qalamyzdaǵy birneshe toponimikalyq ataýlarǵa toqtalǵanbyz. Mysaly, "Kýren", "Perevalochnaia rosha", "Basqaq kópiri", "Han toǵaiy", "Qyryqkól", t.b. nemese óńirimizdegi jer-sý ataýlarynyń mońǵol qabatynan kóptegen mysaldardy tizip Shaǵan, Shyńǵyrlaý, Naryn, Saihyn, Dalbyn, Shońai, Jánibek, Shaǵatai,Túmen, Muqyr, Qaldyǵaity, Jympity, Buldyrty, t.s.s. jalǵai berýge bolady. Bir qyzyǵy mońǵoldyń jańa jyl merekesi Shaǵan (mońǵolshadan aýdarǵanda "aq ózen", "pák sý" degen maǵynany bildiredi eken) atymen atalatyn Oral qalasynyń túbinde ózenniń bar ekeni de kezdeisoq emes siiaqty. Mońǵol imperiiasynyń quramyna engen el retinde mundai ataýlar Qazaqstannyń ózge de óńirlerinde kezdesetetindigin airyqsha atap ótemiz.
Qysqasy, Edil - Jaiyq aralyǵyndaǵy Altyn Orda men Noǵaily tarihyn muqiiat saralaý ólke tarihynyń aqtańdaqtaryn ashýǵa septigin tigizeri anyq. Qala mádenieti men dala mádenieti erekshe astasyp, ózara úilesim tapqan ǵajaiyp dáýir halyq aýzynda saqtalyp, urpaqtan-urpaqqa úzilmei jetken. Qazaqtyń uly ǵalymy Sh.Ýálihanovtyń: "Jánibek (bizdińshe, bul jerde Altyn Orda hany Jánibek Ózbekuly (1342-1357) aitylyp turǵan siiaqty-J.J.) bilik qurǵanda, týystas qazaqtar men noǵailar birge kóship-qonǵan, ol kez qazaq jyrlarynda altyn ǵasyr dep atalady. Qazaqtardyń kóptegen ańyz-dastandary da sol ǵasyrǵa dóp keledi. Sondai-aq, Jirenshe sheshenniń birlik, tálim-tárbielik naqyldary, ádil han Áz-Jánibek te, Noǵailardyń filosof-danasy Asan-Qaiǵy da osy kúnge deiin dalalyqtardyń aýzynan túspeidi" dep tamsana jazýy bekerden-beker emes. Bul bizdiń babalarymyzdyń kúndei kúrkiregen dáýiri-tin. Kishi júz aýmaǵynda keńinen taralǵan osy ǵuryptan elimizdiń ózge óńirlerindegi baýyrlarymyz nelikten habarsyz degen saýal ár qazaqty mazalap, oilandyrary sózsiz.
Osy oraida tarihshy B.Ermuqanov injener M.Tynyshbaevtyń zertteýlerine iek artyp "Uly júzdiń qazaqtary jalpy Altyn Ordany bilmese, Orta júzdiń qypshaqtary men arǵyndary Altyn Orda men noǵailar jaiyndaǵy batyrlar jyrynyń alshyndardan shyqqanyn biraz biledi",-deý sebebine kóz jibergen durys siiaqty.Nege? Óitkeni Atyraýdan Altaiǵa, Arqadan Alataýǵa deiin jaiylyp jatqan, ushsa qustyń qanaty talatyn, shapsa tulpardyń tuiaǵy tozatyn ulan-ǵaiyr dalada shashyrai ornalasqan at tóbelindei az ǵana qazaqtyń: "Ár eldiń salty basqa, itteri qara qasqa" degen támsilin túsinýdiń esh qiyndyǵy joq. Qalai bolǵanda da qazaq etnogeneziniń qalyptasýynda "mońǵol faktoryn" joqqa shyǵarý áste qiyn. Qazaq halqynyń salt-dástúriniń ózegi kóne túrki-mońǵol simbiozynda (qospasynda) jatyr hám sonyń dálelindei kóptegen ádet-ǵuryptarymyz ben salt-dástúrimizde uqsastyqtar kóp. Onyń bárin jipke tize bersek, taqyryptan aýytqyp ketýimiz múmkin.
Tańdanarlyǵy sol, bizge jetken tarihi derekter 15-ǵasyrǵa deiingi Reseide de 14-naýryz Jyl basy bop eseptelip, dúrkirei toilanǵanynan habar beredi. Ataǵy aiǵa jetip, aq degeni alǵys, qara degeni qarǵys bop turǵan Altyn Ordanyń aibyndy handaryna salyq tólep, pushaiman kúige túsken qońsylarymyzdyń jai-kúii kóz aldyńa keledi. Keshegi kúni tórtkúl dúnieni titirentken Altyn Ordanyń sheksiz qudiretine taǵy bir tańqalyp, shirkin, bizdiń babalar-ai, deisiń de qoiasyń?! Oiymyzdy tobyqtai túisek, "kórisý kúnine" orai zertteý júrgizgen etnograf-ǵalymdardyń paiymdary men "kórisý kúniniń" geografiialyq ereksheligine bailanysty týyndaǵan oilarymyz ben boljamdarymyzdyń qysqasha túiini - osy!
P.S. Qurmetti oqyrman! Bizdiń osy pikirimiz shyńǵyrǵan shyndyq, aidai anyq aqiqat deýden aýlaqpyz, árine. Bizdiń maqsat - aqiqatqa aparar iz ben súrleýdi tynymsyz izdep, sol jolǵa túsý ǵana.
Jańabek JAQSYǴALIEV,
M.Ótemisov atyndaǵy BQÝ-dyń dotsenti,
tarih ǵylymdarynyń kandidaty.
ORAL
