Tomas Atkinson salǵan Súiik sultannyń otbasy
Almatyda qazaqtardyń 19-ǵasyrdyń ortasyndaǵy turmysyn sipattaǵan britan saiahatshylar Tomas jáne Liýsi Atkinsonnyń jazbalary men sýretteri tanystyryldy. Qazaqstandy aralaǵan saiahatshylar týraly kitaptyń prezentatsiiasyna Alataý Tamshybulaq esimdi jalǵyz ulynan taraǵan urpaqtary keldi.
Bul — britan jazýshysy Nik Fildingtiń Almatyǵa úshinshi ret kelýi. Bul joly ol munda jaǵymdy missiia — otandastary Tomas pen Liýsi Atkinsonnyń qazaq dalasyna 1846-1853 jyldary jasaǵan saiahaty týraly jazǵan kitabyn tanystyrý úshin kelgen. Atkinsondar — qazaq jerin aralaǵan alǵashqy sheteldikter bolmaǵanymen, onyń shyǵys bóliginde bolyp, saiahattaryn kitaptarynda sipattap jazǵan birinshi aǵylshyndar.
NIK FILDINGKE QOIYLǴAN BIRNEShE SURAQ
Al Nik Fildingtiń ózi 160 jyl buryn otandastary Tomas pen Liýsi Atkinson bolǵan oryndardyń bárin aralap shyqqan. Olardyń ishinde Zyrian, Óskemen, Zaisan, Aiagóz, Qapal, Alakól siiaqty jerler bar. Nik Fildingtiń aitýynsha, ol Ortalyq Aziiany kóp aralaǵan jáne bir kúni Tomas pen Liýsidiń ótken ǵasyrda shyqqan kitaptaryn kezdeisoq ushyratqan. Ol «ekeýi jaily kópshilik nelikten eshteńe bilmeidi?» degen oiǵa qalǵan.
Britan jazýshysy Nik Filding Atkinsondardyń saiahat marshrýtyn kórsetip tur. Almaty, 26 shilde 2016 jyl
Nik Filding osylai Tomas pen Liýsi Atkinsonnyń saiahattaryna qatysty tarihty zertteýmen ainalysyp, bes jyldan keiin kitap etip shyǵarǵan, bul eńbekti endi Qazaqstanda da oqýǵa bolady. Ras, ázirshe oqyrmandar qolyna aǵylshyn tilinde ǵana shyqqan kitaptyń sanaýly danasy ǵana tigen. Biraq qazir ony qazaq jáne orys tilderine tárjimalaý jumystary júrip jatyr.
Kitapta Reseidiń Aziia bóligi — qazirgi Qazaqstan territoriiasyna jasaǵan saiahattary kezinde Tomas Atkinson salǵan illiýstratsiialar kóp. Olarda Shyǵys Qazaqstannyń tabiǵaty ǵana emes, sol zamandaǵy qazaqtardyń turmysy da beinelengen.
Tarihshylar ortasynda Tomas Atkinson men onyń áieliniń Reseidiń aziialyq bóligine jasaǵan saiahatyna qatysty áli anyqtalmaǵan saýaldar bar. Mysaly, onyń negizgi missiiasy qandai bolǵan degen siiaqty. Bul jaily pikirler ár qily. «Tyńshy, barlaýshy bolǵan degen boljamnan bastap salatyn sýretterine obekt, natýra izdegen» degen boljamǵa deiingi pikirler aitylady.
Britan jazýshysy Nik Fildingtiń «Uly dalanyń tústigine sapar: Tomas pen Liýsi Atkinsonnyń 1847–1852 jylǵy Shyǵys Qazaqstanǵa sapary» atty kitabynyń muqabasy. Almaty, 26 shilde 2016 jyl.
Tomas Atkinsonnyń ómirbaianyn zerttegen bes jylda bul máselege qatysty óz pikiri qalyptasqan Nik Fildingke Azattyq tilshisi osy suraqtardy qoidy. Nik Fildingtiń pikirinshe, Tomas Atkinson Reseige birinshi áielinen týǵan ulynyń qazasynan (bul jaǵdai Germaniiada bolǵan) keiin shalǵai, tumsa meken izdep attanǵan.
— Menińshe, ol munda áldebir arnaiy tapsyrmamen emes, janyna tynyshtyq izdep kelgen siiaqty, — deidi ol.
Atkinsondardyń Reseidi aralaǵan sapary jaily kitaptarynyń orys tilindegi tolyq nusqasynyń eshqashan shyqpaǵany da túsiniksiz.
Nik Fildingtiń pikirinshe, buǵan taǵy bir saiahatshy – orys ǵalymy Petr Semionov-Tian-Shanskii yqpal etken siiaqty.
— Bireýdiń odan segiz jyl erte saiahat jasap qoiǵany oǵan unamaǵan. Menińshe, negizgi sebebi osy, — deidi ol.
Tomas Atkinson saiahattary týraly kitaptardy reseilik ǵalymdardyń shyndap qabyldamaýyna Reseidiń bedeldi saiahatshysy ári geografynyń pikiri yqpal etkeni anyq. Óz kitaptarynyń birinde Petr Semionov-Tian-Shanskii «Atkinson jazǵandarynyń eshqaisysyna senýge bolmaidy» dep jazǵan.
UMYTYLÝǴA ShAQ QALǴAN KITAPTAR
Tomas pen Liýsi Atkinsonnyń jazbalary oqyrmandardyń shekteýli ortasyna, kóbinese 19-ǵasyrdyń orta shenindegi Ortalyq Aziia men Batys Sibir halyqtarynyń tynys-tirshiligin tereń bilgisi keletin jandarǵa ǵana tanys. Postsovettik kezeńde Qazaqstan men Reseide bul jazbalarǵa degen qyzyǵýshylyq artty.
Almatyda «Qazaqstan tarihy XI–XX ǵasyrlardaǵy Batys derekterinde» toptamasymen Tomas pen Liýsi Atkinson kitaptarynyń orysshaǵa aýdarylǵan kólemdi úzindileriniń jeke tomy úsh myń tirajben 2006 jyly jaryq kórdi («Sanat» baspasy). Al keiingi kezde Barnaýylda Atkinsondar ómiriniń negizinen barnaýyldyq kezeńin zertteýmen ainalysqan Natalia Volkova jasaǵan Liýsi Atkinsonnyń kitaby taraýlarynyń jańa aýdarmalary shyqty.
Bul sýrette Liýsi Atkinsonnyń qazaq áieldermen shai iship otyrǵany beinelengen.
Atkinsondar óz kitaptarynda qazaq qoǵamynyń tynys-tirshiligin, qazaqtardyń minez-qulqy men turmysyn sipattaýǵa kóp kóńil bólgen. Mysaly, Tomas Atkinson áieli ekeýine áńgimelesýdiń sáti túsken qazaqtyń birneshe sultanynyń sipattamasyn bergen. Bulan sultandy ol «eń oqymysty ári daryndy qazaq» retinde, Bek sultandy «eń deneli ári eń bai dala qazaǵy» retinde sipattaǵan. Al Súiik sultandy Atkinson «barymtadan 80 jasynda da qalmaǵan dala qaraqshysy men baýkespesi» retinde siptattaidy.
Tomas Atkinson tarihta qazaq sultandarynyń portretterin de qaldyrǵan. Biraq Súiik sultan oǵan barymta kezinde balta tiip, zaqymdanǵan murnyn túzý etip salýdy ótingen. Sultan orys imperatory murnyna qarap, qaraqshylyqpen ainalysatynyn bilip qoiady dep qoryqqan. Súiik sultan portrette ústine alqyzyl tústi shapan kiip, óńirine Birinshi Aleksandr jibergen altyn medaldi taǵyp, qylyshyn asynyp otyrǵan kúiinde beinelengen.
Tomas Atkinsonnyń saqtalyp qalǵan jalǵyz sýreti slaidtan kórsetildi.
Atkinsonnyń qazaq qoǵamyn sipattaǵan jazbalaryn qazirgi tarihshylar ár qily baǵalaidy. Tomas pen Liýsi Atkinsonnyń kitaptarynan alynǵan úzindilerdi qurastyrǵan almatylyq Irina Erofeeva «avtorlarǵa qazaq halqyna degen aq peiili men tilektestik ári onyń tarihy men mádenietine degen riiasyz qyzyǵýshylyq tán» dep jazady.
Al reseilik tarihshy E.A.Chýpahina álgi jazbalardy sál ózgeshe baǵalap, «Kóshpendi qazaqtardyń turmysyn, olardyń tabiǵatqa etene jaqyndyǵyn ol romantika dep sipattataýǵa beiim… Árine, Liýsi Alataýdyń ásemdigine tánti bolǵan, biraq «órkeniet adamy» ómirimen salystyrǵanda, kóshpendilerdiń ómiri oǵan mánsiz ári túkke turǵysyz kórinedi» (Zapiski Liýsi atkinson o Sibiri, Novosibirsk, 2012 ) dep jazady.
BABASYNYŃ TÝǴAN JERINDE
Qazir Nik Fildingtiń janynda Tomas pen Liýsi Atkinsonnyń 1848 jyldyń qarashasynda Jońǵar Alataýy baýraiynda dúniege kelgen jalǵyz uldarynyń 10 urpaǵy erip júr. Bul kezge qarai erli-zaiypty Atkinsondar orystyń Qapal áskeri bekinisine (qazirgi Almaty oblysy Aqsý aýdanyndaǵy Qapal aýyly) jetip alǵan. Áke-sheshesi balaǵa eýropalyqtarǵa tosyndaý estiletin nyspy – Alataý-Tamshybulaq degen qos at qoiǵan. Onyń alǵashqysy taý silemi qurmetine, ekinshisi Qapaldaǵy Tamshybulaq bastaýynyń qurmetine berilgen.
Tomas pen Liýsi Atkinsondardyń Qazaqstanǵa kelgen urpaqtary. Almaty, 26 shilde 2016 jyl
Nik Fildingtiń boljamynsha, sábi Tamshybulaqqa shomyldyrýdyń arqasynda tiri qalǵan. Merziminen erte týsa da, Alataý-Tamshybulaq qana tiri qalyp, sol jylǵy qysta týǵan ózge sábilerdiń bári shetinep ketken. Liýsidiń barnaýyldyq tanystarynyń biri balanyń esimine qatysty belgili maqaldy «Tyshqandy taý emes, taýdy tyshqan týǵan» dep ázildegen. Atkinsondardyń saiahaty kezinde erip júrgen úlken itti de «Alataý» dep ataǵan. Aǵylshyn saiahatshylarnyń únemi janynda bolǵan kazaktardyń biri itti «Alataý», al balany «Alataý myrza» dep ataǵan.
Áke-sheshisiniń saiahaty kezinde Alataý-Tamshybulaq eseiip, talai qiyndyǵyn birge tartqan. Liýsi Atkinsonnyń kitabynda qazaqtardyń balany qalai jaqsy kórgeni aitylady.
«Onyń barterge aiyrbastalyp kete beretin qyz emes, ul bala bolǵany qandai baqyt! Maǵan baiǵus áielderden ózge eshkim moiyn buryp qaramaidy. Biraq ul balanyń jóni bólek. Sultandar «bizdiń territoriiada týyp, bizdiń qoiymyz ben jabaiy janýarlardyń etimen qorektengen, atymyzǵa mingen bala, esimi de bizdiki, sondyqtan uly kósem bolý úshin elde qaldyrýǵa tiissińder» dep málimdep, ony alyp qalǵysy keldi. Sultandardyń biri balany qaldyrsa, bir úiir jylqy men nóker qosyp berýge ýáde etken.
Qazaqtar Alataý-Tamshybulaqqa jibek mata, shapan tigýge arnalǵan mata kesindileri, tolyp jatqan qozy-laq siiaqty syilyqtar berip, sheshesi olardy «ǵajap tartýlar» dep ataǵan.
Nik Fildingtiń aitýynsha, Alataý-Tamshybulaq eseigen soń Gavaii aralyna ketip, sol jaqta joǵary bilim salasynda jumys istep, úlken bedelge ie bolǵan. Tomas pen Liýsi Atkinsonnyń planetanyń ár túkpirinde — Florida, Gavaii, Jańa Zelandiia jáne Ulybritaniiada turatyn urpaqtary endi babalarynyń biri dúniege kelip, kindik qany tamǵan jerlerdi kórmek. Olar Almatydan keiin Qapalǵa — jergilikti halyq qasietti bastaý sanaityn Tamshybulaqqa barmaq.
