Musylmandarǵa túsken Alla Taǵalanyń eń alǵashqy buiryǵy «Oqy!» dep bastalady. Bul buiryqty keńinen ashyp túsindirsek, «úiren, bil, izden, tap, ǵylymmen ainalys, ilimmen shuǵyldan, zerdele, oilan, ainalańa nazar sal, jaratylysty tanyp kór» degen túsinikke ulasady. Qai jaǵynan alsaq ta, bizdi — musylmandardy ǵylymmen shuǵyldanýǵa, qorshaǵan ortadan jáne ózimizdiń tula boiymyzdan Qudaiy órnekterdi kórip, tujyrym jasaýǵa shaqyrady. Endeshe, «Oqy!» dep buiryq túsken úmbettiń erýshileri, Islamnyń bairaǵyn kótergen musylman elderi qalaisha Batys elderinen, ilim men ǵylymnan, tehnologiiadan artta qalyp qoidy?
Islamnyń altyn ǵasyrynda musylmandardyń ǵylymǵa qalai den qoiǵanynan habardarmyz. Alǵashqy ushý quralyn, alǵashqy meditsinalyq nusqaýlyqty, astronomiiany, arhitektýrany, algebra, matematika, geografiia, fizionomiia, anatomiia, kitaphanany, sý jiberý qubyrlary men monsha, mektepter men medreseni damytqan islam ǵulamalary ekenin bilemiz. Algoritmdi jasaǵan — ál-Horezmi, meditsinanyń atasy — Ibn Sina, Ulyqbektiń observatoriiasy, aita berseń jetedi. Ál-Birýnidiń Jerdiń domalaq, al Kúnniń otty shar ekenin, Jerdiń Kúndi ainalatynyn Nikolai Kopernikten 500 jyl buryn anyqtaǵanynyń ózin qaida qoiasyz? Alaida orta ǵasyrlarda Islam birte-birte quldyrap, Batysta renessans kezeńi oryn aldy. Sonymen, musylmandardyń ǵylymnan kenjelep qalýynyń sebebi nelikten?
Quranǵa quqyqtyq jaǵynan qaraý: musylmandar Islamǵa quqyqtyq jaǵynan kóp mán berdi. Aiattardaǵy ǵylymǵa ishara etken aiattarǵa toqtalmai, murany bólý, kýálik etý, oljany bóliske salý sekildi quqyqtyq turǵyda zerdeledi.
Bilikke umtylý: jańa jerlerdiń Islamdy qabyldaýymen jer kólemi ulǵaidy. Endigi jerde musylmandar bilikke qol soza bastady. Ásirese, arab ultynyń ókilderi áskeri laýazymdarǵa jii taǵaiyndaldy.
Dúniege qumartý: musylmandar dúniege qyzyǵýshylyq tanyta bastady. Kele-kele túie, úiir-úiir jylqy ustaýǵa, shubatylǵan kerýenderdi saýda maqsatymen shyǵarýǵa, asyl matadan kiim kiip, záýlim úilerde turýǵa umtyldy.
Paidasyz pikirtalas: mańyzdylyǵy az taqyryptardy daýǵa ainaldyryp, bos ýaqyttaryn paidasyz pikirtalasqa arnady. Mysaly, saqaldyń uzyndyǵy, saqal qoiý-qoimaý, mazhab ustaný-ustanbaý, shalbardyń balaǵy, t.b.
Jaý shapqynshylyǵy: musylman elderine jasalǵan shapqynshylyqtar, olardyń ishinde shyǵystan mońǵol shapqynshylyǵy jáne batystan krest joryqtary. Hristian batys elderi bir-birimen alaýyz bola tura, musylmandarǵa qarsy soǵysta aýyz jalasyp, birge bas qura bildi. Sol kezdegi Eýropada islam keń jaiylǵan Ispaniiadaǵy Kordova jáne Sitsiliiadaǵy Palermo bilim oshaqtary qiratyldy. Al mońǵol shapqynshylyǵy saldarynan Egipettegi Kair jáne «Danalyq úii» sanalatyn Baǵdadtyń bai kitaphanasy men jádigerleri qiratylyp, medreseler otqa orandy.
Búlik: dushpan elderdiń salǵan iritkileri men búlikterine halyqtyń erip ketip, eldi ishten búldirýi. Mysaly, aty dardai Osman halifatyn álsiretý úshin Angliianyń negizgi strategiiasy musylmandardy Qurannan alystatý, jaqyndatpaý bolatyn. Ol úshin sol kezdegi negizi myqty sopylyq tariqatty qurtý úshin jalǵan sopylyq aǵymdar qurdy. «Paiǵambar men sahabalar kezinde sopylyq degen nárse bolmaǵan» dep, ańqaý halyqqa dúrbeleń saldy. Ýahabizm sekildi radikaldy aǵymdardy qoldan jasap, buqarany ekige jardy.
Bilimge investitsiia: memleket qazynasynan bilimge jumsalatyn úles azaiyp, negizgi úles áskerdi qarýmen jaraqtandyrýǵa jumsaldy. Musylman elderi bilimge biýdjettiń 0,8%-yn ǵana jumsasa, batys elderinde 2,5%-dan kóp shyǵyndaidy. Musylman elderinde onsyz da biýdjettiń kólemi shamaly, demek, bilimge ketetin aqshanyń kólemi de mardymsyz ekeni aitpasaq ta aiqyn.
Kitap shyǵarýǵa tyiym: Osman imperiiasynyń sultany Baiazid II 1483 jyly elde kitap basylymyna ólim jazasymen tyiym saldy. Onyń oiynsha, Qurandy baspa mashinasynan basyp shyǵarý — óte úlken qurmetsizdik. Onyń bastamasyn uly Selim jalǵastyrdy. Al bul ýaqytta Eýropada baspa isi keńinen damyp, ýniversitetter qurylyp, kitaptar qalyń oqyrmanǵa qoljetimdi edi.
Otarshyldyq qasireti: Osman imperiiasy qulaǵannan keiin bytyraǵan musylman elderin batystyń basqynshy memleketteri otaryna ainaldyrdy. Sol jerlerdiń bailyǵyn tasyp, bilikke ózderiniń múddesin qorǵaityn adamdardy ornatty. Iaǵni saiasi, ekonomikalyq jáne ideologiialyq turǵyda quldyqqa tústi. Mysaly, Aýǵanstan, Egipet, Livan, Irak, Indiia, Bangladesh, Pákistan, Siriia, Soltústik Afrika.
Aqyldyń aǵylýy. Sonymen qatar, musylman elderindegi airyqsha talant ieleri men ǵalymdar ǵylymnyń damýyna múmkindik izdep, batys elderine qarai seńdei aǵylýda. Batys elderi de výnderkindterdi qushaq jaiyp qarsy alyp jatyr. Búginde «Nobel» syilyǵyn alǵandardyń arasynda olardyń qaralary ishinara paida bola bastady jáne Google, Microsoft, Facebook, Apple syndy innovatsiiaǵa qurylǵan kompaniialardaǵy qyzmetkerler shebinde musylmandardyń legi óte kóp.
Baiqasaq, sonaý orta ǵasyrlarda bastaý alǵan sebepter áli kúnge deiin saldaryn joimaǵan. Moiyndaý kerek, musylman elderinde bilik ortalyqtandyrylǵan júiede edi jáne basshy halqyna qandai kitaptar oqýdy durys, qaisysy burys ekenin sheshti. Bir sózben aitqanda, oi jáne sóz bostandyǵy óte múshkil jaǵdaida edi.
Oq-dári Qytaida paida boldy, Batys onymen qarý daiyndady. Eshqandai qylysh, naiza - myltyq pen zeńbirektiń aldynda qarý emes. Ekinshi kezekte, Batys bý qozǵaltqyshyn qurastyryp, ónerkásipte revoliýtsiia jasady. Úshinshi etapta ishten janatyn qozǵaltqysh qurystyryp, transportta tóńkeris jasady. Sońǵy etapta atom bombasy men kompiýter qurastyryp, barlyq salada óziniń ústemdigin kórsetti.
Ókinishtisi, qazirgi kúnimizde musylman elderinde saýatsyzdyq deńgeii áli de joǵary. Qyz balany oqytýdy qajet dep sanamaidy, Quran men hadisti oqysa jetkilikti dep sanaidy, áiel zatyn tek úi sharýashylyǵynda qoldanyp, ǵylym men bilimge aralastyrmaidy. Afrikanyń túkpir-túkpirinde qanshama qari men hafyzdar bar, Qurannyń kez kelgen aiatyn jańylyspai aityp beredi. Biraq olar Jerdiń domalaq ekenine, Jerdiń Kúndi ainalatynyna senbeidi. Ǵylymnyń basqa tustaryn bylai qoiaiyq.
Mysaly, saýdiialyq sheih, iaǵni ǵalym-ustaz shákirtterine Jerdiń qozǵalmaitynyna bylai dep dálel aitady: «Eger Jer ainalatyn bolsa, onda biz ushaqpen áýede bir orynda tursaq, onda Qytai bizge jaqyndaidy. Al eger Jer keri baǵytta ainalsa, onda Qytaiǵa eshqashan da jete almaimyz».
Kelesi bir saýdiialyq ǵalym Ibn Baz (bul salafitterdiń ustazy) Jerdiń domalaq emes, birtegis ekenin, kim buǵan qarsy shyqsa, kápir bolatynyn aitqan. Bul sózine Qurannan dálel keltirip baǵady.
Minekei, musylman áleminiń tehnologiia men ǵylym-bilimde Batystyń sońynda qalyp qoiýyna áser etken jáne áli de áser etip kele jatqan sebepter. Biz bir nárseni bilýimiz kerek: Islam ǵylymmen tyǵyz bailanysty. Dinsiz ǵylym — soqyr, ǵylymsyz din — aqsaq. «Oqy!» dep alǵashqy ámirimiz túsken úmbet bolsaq, onda ǵylymǵa bas qoiýymyz kerek. Óitkeni shynaiy ǵalymdar ǵana - naǵyz taqýalar.
Miras Kesebaev
