Otandyq til biliminde terminologiia máselelerimen tek terminologtar ǵana ainalysý qajet degen dástúrli pikir qalyptasyp kelgeni ras. Alaida tek qana til mamandary ǵana emes, ár túrli pán salalary mamandary, aýdarmashylar, memlekettik qyzmetkerler, t.b. mamandar da óz qyzmetterinde kún saiyn óz pán salasyna qatysty termindermen jumys jasaýlaryna týra keledi.
Birazdan beri barlyq ǵalymdardy, pán salalaryndaǵy tájiribeshi mamandardy tolǵandyryp kele jatqan máselelerdiń biri – osy pán salalary terminderin júieleý, olardy qazirgi tańdaǵy aqparattyq tehnologiialar jetistikterin tiimdi paidalana otyryp halyqaralyq standarttarǵa sáikes jasalǵan avtomattandyrylǵan veb-platformalarǵa engizý bolyp tabylatyny sózsiz.
Osy oraida, qazaq tiliniń terminder korpýsyn birizdendirip júieleý maqsatynda bastaǵan jobamyzdyń tájiribesimen bólisýdi jón kórdik.
RǴA Sibir bólimi, Novosibir memlekettik ýniversitetiniń Esepteý tehnologiialary institýty (Fedotov A.M.) men L.N.Gýmilev atyndaǵy EUÝ, Aqparattyq tehnologiialar kafedrasy (Týsýpov J.A., Sambetbaeva M.A.) birigip jasaǵan elektrondyq tezaýrýs jobasyna, L.N.Gýmilev atyndaǵy EUÝ, Aýdarma teoriiasy men praktikasy kafedrasynda (Tajibaeva S.J., Baekeeva A.T.) taý-ken terminderiniń kóptildi basqarylmaly tezaýrýsyn qurastyrý 2018 jyly jobasyn bastadyq.
Digital Library basqarý júiesi negizindegi tezaýrýs qurastyrý
Bul Novosibir memlekettik ýniversiteti men L.N.Gýmilev atyndaǵy Eýraziia ulttyq ýniersitetiniń birikken jobasy aiasyndaǵy úlken jumystyń bas ázirleýshisi fizikomatematika ǵylymdarynyń doktory, professor A.M.Fedotov, J.A.Týsýpov jáne osy kisilerden tálim alǵan shákirti Aqparattyq tehnologiia mamandyǵynyń PhD doktory M.A. Sambetbaeva.
Osy tezaýrýs ISO 25964-1:2011 (birinshi bólim) jáne ISO 25964-1:2013 (ekinshi bólim) sońǵy halyqaralyq standarttary negizinde qurastyryldy. Atalǵan standarttar negizinde qurastyrylǵan tezaýrýs basqa da halyqaralyq tezaýrýstarmen ózara árekettesi múmkindigin beredi, iaǵni bul degenimiz, mashinalyq nemese avtomattandyrylǵan aýdarmany arnaiy pán salasy úshin oryndaý kezinde osy tezaýrýsqa engizilgen qazaq, aǵylshyn, orys tilderindegi kontent arqyly aýdamaǵa arnalǵan kompiýterlik jasaqtamalar tezaýrýs mazmunyn kóre alyp, relevantty aqparatty izdeý protsesine qatysa alady.
Mundai halyqaralyq standarttarǵa sai jasalǵan tezaýrýstarǵa mynalardy jatqyzamyz: AGROVOC tezaýrýsy, AGCOM tezaýrýsy, EuroVOC tezaýrýsy, SNOMED tezaýrýsy, WordNet tezaýrýsy, IýNESKO tezaýrýsy.
Sonymen, bizdiń usynyp otyrǵan tezaýrýsymyz belgili bir pán salasyna arnalǵan sózdikterdiń tolyq bazasy bolyp tabylady.
Tezaýrýs óz ishine terminderdiń túrleri, bailanystary, toptarymen qosa, túrli sózdikterdi engize alady:
- anyqtamalyq sózdik,
- kóptildi sózdik,
- sinonimder sózdigi,
- antonimder sózdigi,
- omonimder sózdigi,
- túsindirme sózdik, t.t.
Tezaýrýsta terminder semantikalyq jáne fýnktsionaldyq jaǵynan naqty anyqtalyp, olardyń lingvistikalyq balamalary bekitilip, ierarhiialyq túrde jiktelip, beriledi.
Ádette tildik korpýstar birneshe ondaǵan jyldar boiy jinaqtalǵan túbegeili eńbekti talap etetin joba. Ókinishke qarai Qazaqstanda bir ǵana «Qazaq tiliniń Almaty korpýsy» qyzmet etedi. Qazaq tiliniń Almaty korpýsynyń tek qana kórkem ádebiet pen periodikalyq jáne pýblitsistikalyq shyǵarmalar negizinde jasalǵandyǵynda. Atalǵan korpýsta pán salalarynyń terminderi qarastyrylmaǵan. Bul termin salasyndaǵy tilshi, aýdarmashy mamandardyń aldyna úlken maqsat pen mindetterdi artady. Sondyqtan terminologiiany pánaralyq baǵytta, kompiýterlik lingvistika, pán salalary, salalyq terminologiia men salalyq aýdarma toǵysynda zerttep, osy salalarda ǵasyrlar boiy atqarylyp kelgen aqparattardy júielep, birizdendirip, elektrondyq basqarylmaly platformalarǵa júkteý jumystaryn atqarý qajet ekendigin bildiredi.
Bul tezaýrýs júielengen terminder arasyndaǵy semantikalyq bailanystar men sózdik maqalalardy kórsete alady. Bul degenimiz, atalǵan tezaýrýsty qajetinshe sózdik maqalalarmen, mysaldarmen, mátindermen tolyqtyrý arqyly qazaq tiliniń ǵylymi til retindegi korpýsyn qurastyrýdyń alǵysharttaryn da jasaýǵa bolady.
Bul tezaýrýsymyzǵa engizetin terminderge Terminkom bekitken «Ken isi jáne metallýrgiia» salasynyń terminologiialyq bazasy arqaý boldy.
Digital Library basqarý júiesi negizinde qurastyrylǵan kóptildi terminologiialyq bazanyń betin myna sýretten kóre alasyzdar (sýret 1).
Sýret 1 – Digital Library basqarý júiesi negizinde qurastyrylǵan kóptildi terminologiialyq bazanyń beti
Atalǵan tezaýrýsta salalyq terminderdiń sipattamasy (description), lingvistikalyq ekvivalentteri (LE – linguistic equivalents), sinonimderi (absoliýttik sinonimderi), antonimderi (bar bolǵan jaǵdaida), assotsiativtik terminderi, terminderdiń bir birimen ierarhiialyq bailanysy, iaǵni terminderdiń joǵarǵy (broader term) jáne tómengi (narrower term) uǵymdary beriledi. Terminderdiń joǵarǵy jáne tómengi uǵymdaryn kelesi sýretten kóre alasyzdar (sýret 2).
Sýret 2 – Taý-ken terminderiniń tezaýrýsyndaǵy joǵarǵy jáne tómengi uǵymdar
M.A. Sámbetbaevanyń jetekshiligimen QR BǴM Aqparattyq jáne esepteýish tehnologiialar institýtynda osy birikken joba aiasynda Qazaqstandyq interoperabeldi platforma ázirlendi (sýret 3).
Sýret 3 – Taý-ken terminderiniń tezaýrýsyndaǵy joǵarǵy jáne tómengi uǵymdar
Atalǵan joba aiasynda L.N.Gýmilev atyndaǵy Eýraziia ulttyq ýniversiteti, Aýdarma teoriiasy men praktikasy kafedrasynyń «Aýdarma isi» mamandyǵynda oqityn doktoranttar men magistranttarmen birigip ár pán salasyn qamtityn tezaýrýstar qurastyrý jumysyn bastadyq.
Mamandar negizinen aýdarmashy bolǵandyqtan, salalyq terminder tezaýrýsyn úsh tilde (qazaq, aǵylshyn, orys) ázirleýde, alaida bul tezaýrýsqa frantsýz, nemis jáne basqa da tilderdi engizý múmkindigi bar. Sonymen, osy tezaýrýsty jasaýda ár salalarda aýdarmashylyq tájiribesi bar mamandar iriktelip alyndy:
Taýken terminderi – Baekeeva Ainýr (qazaq, aǵylshyn, orys)
Salyq terminderi – Bakraev Akbar (qazaq, aǵylshyn, orys)
Zergerlik buiymdar ataýlary – Kojahmetova Gýlsara (qazaq, aǵylshyn, orys)
Qurylys terminderi – Temirova Zýhra (qazaq, aǵylshyn, orys)
Diplomatiia terminderi – Baigýjin Berik (qazaq, aǵylshyn, orys, arab)
Kóptildi salalyq terminologiialyq bazany basqarylmaly tezaýrýsqa engizýdiń qadamdyq algoritmin ázirledik. Taý-ken terminderiniń terminologiialyq bazasynyń negizinde ierarhiialyq algoritm tilshi, aýdarmashy mamandarǵa beiimdelip jasaldy. Bul algoritm basqa da ǵylymi pán salalary terminderiniń tezaýrýsyn qurastyrýdyń úlgisi bolyp tabylady.
Mundai kóptildi terminologiialyq bazaǵa sala terminderin engizý jumysy sala terminderin jaqsy túsinetin, birneshe til arasynda aýdarma jasap júrgen tájiribeshi salalyq aýdarmashylar men til mamandaryna óte qajetti. Sebebi mundai ǵylym men tehnikanyń pán salasyndaǵy tezaýrýsty toltyrýǵa quzyretti maman bolýy shart. Osy oraida biz atalǵan qadamdyq algoritmdi L.N.Gýmilev atyndaǵy Eýraziia ulttyq ýniveresiteti Aýdarma teorisy men praktikasy kafedrasynyń doktoranttary men magistranttaryna, ulttyq jáne transulttyq kompaniialardaǵy tájiribeshi aýdarmashylarǵa, memlekettik organdardaǵy til mamandaryna usyndyq (keste 1). Mamandardyń aýdarma isindegi eńbek ótili men is-tájiribesi 10 jyldan joǵary.
Keste 1 – Tezaýrýs toltyrýdyń qadamdyq algoritmine baǵa bergen salalyq aýdarmashylar
|
Aýdarmashynyń jumys tilderi |
Laýazymy |
Sany |
|
Qazaq, orys, aǵylshyn |
Aýdarmashy, doktorant |
8 |
|
Qazaq, orys, aǵylshyn |
Aýdarmashy, magistrant |
17 |
|
Qazaq, orys, aǵylshyn |
Aýdarmashy, f.ǵ.k., PhD |
5 |
|
Qazaq, orys |
Aýdarmashy, memlekettik organdar mamandary |
3 |
|
Qazaq, orys jáne shetel tili (frantsýz, nemis, arab, qytai, korei, t.b.) |
Aýdarmashy, magistr |
6 |
Barlyq sany 39 aýdarma salasyndaǵy mamandar Digital Library platformasynda Zthes derekter shemasynda ázirlengen salalyq terminderdiń kóptildi basqarylmaly tezaýrýsyn qurastyrýdyń qadamdyq algoritmin aqparattyq tehnologiia mamandarynyń jetistikterin aýdarmashylarǵa túsinikti tilmen túsindirilgenin rastady.
Bul tezaýrýstyń basty ereksheligi kóptegen elektrondyq sózdikterde termin izdeý barysynda kezdesetin kóp varianttylyq máselesin sheshe alady, iaǵni bul Digital Library basqarý júiesi negizinde jasalǵan tezaýrýstyń sala mamandaryna beretin basty artyqshylyǵy – ol termin izdeý barysyndaǵy targettik nemese relevanttyq izdeý, iaǵni salalyq terminniń naqty bir saladaǵy semantikalyq jáne fýnktsionaldyq jaǵy naqty anyqtalady, olardyń qazaq, orys, aǵylshyn tilderindegi lingvistikalyq balamalary bekitilip, naqty sol terminge qatysty barlyq aqparat tizbegine qol jetkize alý múmkindigi bar.
Sonymen, tilimizdegi terminderdi birizdendirý men júieleýdiń birden bir joly – Digital Library platformasy arqyly elektrondyq tezaýrýs qurastyrý dep paiymdaimyz. Mundai pikirdiń dáleli retinde salalyq aýdarma úshin qurastyrylyp jatqan tezaýrýstaǵy targettik nemese relevanttyq izdeýdi basty sebep dep esepteimiz. Osydan 5-6 jyl burynǵy ázirlengen elektrondyq sózdikterdiń ózi qoldanystan tys qalyp jatyr, jáne osy atalǵan máselelerdi sheshý jolynda salalyq terminologiiaǵa tyń sheshimder qajet. Mundai sheshim jasaýǵa qazaq tiliniń terminologiialyq qorynda jinaqtalǵan 10 myńnan asa taý-ken terminderi, qostildi jáne kóptildi elektrondyq leksikografiialyq derekkózderden alynǵan terminderdiń taldaýy dálel bola alady.
Ainur Baekeeva
Aýdarma isi mamandyǵynyń doktoranty, g.ǵ.m.
