Osydan eki-úsh jyl buryn jumys babynda Narynnyń Isatai aýdanyna qarasty oi-qyryn kóktei ótip, arǵy-bergi zamanǵy tarihi oryndaryn armansyz aralaǵanymyz bar.
Kóne sýretter kóz aldyńa keledi. Aldymen aitýly adamdaryn oilaisyń, olardyń óz halqynyń bolashaǵyna bola istegen igi isterin eske alasyń. Ár ǵasyrdyń óz tóli, mańǵaz marqasqalary bar. Olardy umytý múmkin emes, qaita jańǵyryp, jaqsy isteri jadyńda kórinis tabady. Begaidar qumyn belden basyp, ári asqanda esimizge osy aranyń týmasy – HIX ǵasyrdyń sońǵy shireginde Bókei ordasynyń qalyptasýyna aitarlyqtai úles qosqan belgili qairatker Óteshqali Ataniiazov oraldy.
Keńes dáýiri kezinde óńirdiń ótken shaqtaǵy oqyǵan azamattary, olardyń qoǵamnyń damýy, eli, jeri úshin atqarǵan azdy-kópti abyroily eńbegin esten shyǵaryp, umytyp kettik. Esesine bárin keńes ókimeti ákeldi, sol jarylqady degendi alǵa tarttyq. Shyndyǵynda, keńes keziniń jaqsylyqtary az emes. Biraq oǵan deiin de tań atyp, kún batty, shýaqty sátteri de jeterlik. Ilim-bilim jolynda oqyǵan, eline jan-tánimen qyzmet etken adamdary da boldy. Solardyń arasynda álgi aitqan Óteshqali aǵanyń da orny zor.
Ol 1855 jyly, burynǵy jer bólinisine sai Birinshi Teńiz jaǵalaýy okrýgine qarasty Begaidar qumynda dúniege kelgen. Áýelgide aýyl moldasynan saýat ashqan ony turmys-tirshiligi birshama jaqsy ákesi balasynyń oqý-toqý zerektigin eskerip, Ordadaǵy 1841 jyly Jáńgir ashqan orys-qazaq ýchilishesine (ol kezde ýchilishe) beredi. Ony oidaǵydai aiaqtaǵan soń Orynbordyń Nepliýev kadet korpýsyn támamdap, 1882 jyly Bókei ordasynyń Ýaqytsha keńesinde túrli qyzmetter atqarady. Biraz ýaqyt Qamys-Samar qisymynyń ákimi Muhambet-Salyq Babajanovtyń hat júrgizýshisi bolyp eńbek etedi. Keiin ol óz esteliginde: «Meniń Salyq aǵadan estip-bilip, úirengenim keiingi ómirime kóp azyq boldy. Salyq asa bilimdi, el basqarý isinde óte qabiletti adam-dy. Ómirlik qalyptasýym, tipti depýtat bolýyma da ol kisiden alǵan tálimim kómektesti» — dep aitqan edi.
Alǵashqy kúnnen óziniń ozyq oily, oryssha-qazaqsha saýattylyǵy, el basqarý isine ikemdiligin baiqatqan ony keńes basshylyǵy arada bir jyl ótkende, Tarǵyn qisymyna ákim (ýpravitel) etip jiberedi. Artynsha, Qalmaq qisymyn basqarady.
XIX ǵasyrdyń ekinshi jartysy Kishi júz halqy, Torǵai boiy turǵyndary úshin aýmaly-tókpeli alasapyran zaman boldy. Patshalyq Resei imperiiasy Qazaqstandy ýysynan shyǵarmai, ózderiniń azyqtúlik bazasyna ainaldyrý, ol úshin otar eldi óz ishinen qyrqystyryp, aiaqtaryna qulap, májbúrli ómir súrýin qalyptastyrý saiasatyn ustady. 1868 jyldyń 21 qazanyndaǵy «Orynbor general-gýbernatorynyń dalalyq óńirdi basqarýdyń ýaqytsha erejesi» negizinde turǵyndardy birtekti basqarý júiesin engizý tártibi qolǵa alynyp, Oral áskeri kazachestvosynyń biligi Orynbor general-gýbernatorynyń quzyryna berildi. Qos ózen aralyǵyndaǵy ákimshilik-aimaqtyq basqarý óz qolyna tigen gýbernator endi jergilikti turǵyndardy jumsa judyryǵynda ustap, burynnan kazachestvo kúshin buratana halyqty basyp-janshýǵa jumsaityn ádetin odan ármen kúsheitti. Ásirese, jer daýy bul tusta tipten órship turdy. Osyǵan sai jańa, jas ákim Óteshqali Ataniiazovqa bilikpen de, buqaramen de til tabysyp, ortaq sheshimge kelýine týra keldi. Sonymen qatar qisym turǵyndarynyń áleýmettik-rýhani ahýalyn jaqsartý, otyryqshylyqty ornyqtyrý, turmys kúii, mádenietti ósirý, oqý-aǵartýǵa nazar aýdaryldy. Onyń sońǵy saladaǵy ońdy isi Orynbor okrýgindegi inspektor Mýravev atynan joǵary baǵalanyp, aýyzǵa ilikti. Ásirese, mektep isin jolǵa qoiýdaǵy eńbegi úshin Ishki ordadaǵy qazaq mektepteriniń inspektory N. Mýravev Óteshqali Ataniiazovtan Tarǵyn jáne Qalmaq qisymdary mektepterine «Qurmetti baqylaýshy» bolýyn ótinedi.
Onyń osyndai jańashyldyǵy Ýaqytsha keńes basshylyǵyn taǵy da eleń etkizdi. Soǵan sai Óteshqalidyń tabanyn jerge tigizbei, bir qisymnan ekinshi qisymǵa aýystyryp, el eńsesin kóterý, turmystaryn jaqsartý tapsyryldy. Osyndai talappen Ó. Ataniiazov 1882-85 jyldary Bókei ordanyń Tarǵyn (qazirgi Jánibek aýdany aýmaǵy), Qalmaq bólikterin basqarsa (qazirgi Saiqyn okrýginiń aýmaǵy), 1886-87 jyldarda Naryn (qazirgi Orda okrýginiń aýmaǵy) bóliginde, 1888-94 jyldary Qalmaq, 1895-96 jyldary qaitadan Naryn qisymdarynyń ákimi qyzmetin atqarady.
1895 jyly Óteshqali áriptesi Baqtygerei Qulmanovpen birge Máskeýge imperator II Nikolaidyń taqqa otyrýyn ulyqtaý saltanatyna qatysady.
1897 jyly ol Bókei ordasyn basqarý jónindegi Ýaqytsha keńes tóraǵasynyń keńesshisi qyzmetine taǵaiyndalady.
Qandai adam da óz qoǵamy, onyń saiasatynan tys ómir súre almaidy. Óteshqali da solai, basshylyq qyzmette júrip, Resei ókimetiniń imperiialyq saiasatynan attap kete alǵan joq. Biraq ol óz halqynyń múddesin eshqashan esten shyǵarǵan emes. Sondyqtan da ol jańa zaman lebindegi progressivtik baǵyttaǵy úlken tulǵa boldy jáne sonyń bir mysaly, patsha ókimeti XIX ǵasyrdyń orta tusynan bastap Ishki Bókei ordasy qazaqtaryna hristiandyq pravoslav dinin engizýdi, iaǵni shoqyndyrýdy qatty qolǵa aldy. Reseige shekaralas mekenderge orystardy kóptep qonystandyryp, saýda-sattyqty damytty, shirkeýler salyp, turǵyndar arasynda qolyna krest ustaǵan din taratýshylar kóbeidi. Ásirese, Jaiyq, Edil ózenderi boilarynda – Ganiýshkin, Kordýan, Novaia Kazanka, Talovka selolarynda shirkeýler salynyp, taǵy da osyndai tórt eldi mekende Qudai úiin salý josparlandy. Bul qazaqtar arasyndaǵy oqyǵan, ult ziialylaryn oilandyrmai qoimady. Olar ótken ǵasyrlarda osyndai shoqynýdan bas tartqan 500-600 myń noǵaidyń orystar qolynan ajal qushqanynan da habardar bolatyn. Endeshe, solar keshken kepti kóp keshikpei qazaqtar da kiiýi múmkin ekendigin esterinen shyǵarmady. Áitse de, óz qandastaryn oǵan jetkizbei saqtap qalý kerek.
Mine, osy kezde Óteshqali Ataniiazov qazaqtar arasynda jáne Ýaqytsha keńes, gýberniia basshylyǵy aldynda el basqarý isi, qairatkerlik tulǵasymen zor bedelge ie bolǵan Maqash aǵasynyń (Bekmuhambetov) kópten beri aityp júrgen áńgimesine eriksiz qulaq túrdi. Ol – patshalyq Reseidiń qazaq halqyn óz dinderine engizip, shoqyndyrý, iaǵni túpkilikti orystandyrý saiasatyna qarsy áreketti kúsheitý isi bolatyn. Maqash ony orys patshalary aldynda buǵan deiin de eki ret bolyp (1881 j. Aleksandr III, 1894 j. Nikolai II), ózekti másele retinde kótergen, narazylyǵyn bildirgen. Biraq biliktiń búiir qaqqan biri joq, bári de aiaqsyz qaldy. Ony aitasyz, alǵash Aleksandr úshinshiniń qabyldaýynda bolǵan Maqash oǵan Ekinshi Teńiz jaǵalaýy okrýgi turǵyndarynyń 1879-1880 jyldardaǵy tabiǵat qýańshylyǵyna orai maldarynyń jutqa ushyrap, kóp ólgendigi, osyǵan orai turǵyndardyń turmys kúiiniń nasharlap ketkendigi, bolashaqta qazaqtardyń qys kezderinde teńiz jaǵalyqtaryndaǵy araldardy mal qystatýǵa paidalaný, jazda qystyq mal azyqtaryn daiyndap alýǵa múmkindik týǵyzýyn suraǵanda, patsha Maqash aýzyndaǵy sózin julyp alyp, «Sizderge barlyq kómek bolady, eger qol astyndaǵy halqyńdy shoqyndyrsań ǵana» dep qaiyra suraq qoiǵany bar. Ákim aýzyn asha almai qaldy.
Ekinshi ret 1894 jyly patshanyń úilený toiy saltanatyna qatysý barysynda da, Maqash Tarǵyn, Qalmaq qisymdarynyń áldi azamattary Zulqarov, Bajaqovtarmen birge Nikolai II-niń qabyldaýynda kópten kókeitesti bolǵan shoqyndyrý jaiyn taǵy da kótergen. Bul joly da másele aiaqsyz qaldy.
Endi, mine, jaýyr bolǵan túiindi jaitty Alashtyń arly azamaty Óteshqali Ataniiazov taǵy da qozǵap otyr. Bul kún ótken saiyn arǵa tiip otyrǵan ashy másele.
Din – ár halyqtyń senimi, birligi, ómir súrý qalpy. Biraq ár halyqtyń ózindik dástúrli dini bar. Odan bezdirip, jańa dinge beiimdeý ońai emes. Bul – zorlyq, adamdar arasyna syna qaǵý, tatý-tátti kórshilikterdi buzý. Maqash bul jaidy aǵzamdar aldynda eki ret bolyp, jaiyp salǵan, ekeýinen de aýzy kúidi. Al úshinshi sapar qalai bolmaq. Biraq bas tartýǵa bolmaidy. Áitse de, jaýyr bolǵan máseleni qaityp jetkizý kerek.
Maqash áriptesine bul jolǵy saparǵa muqiiat daiyndalý kerektigin qatty eskertti. Óitkeni qazaqtyń qamyn asyńdy iship, aiaǵyńdy tebeiinniń kerimen otyrǵan Patshaly Resei buryn teri básindegi azyq-túligińe (mal) qyzyqsa, endi seniń jerińdegi ózge de bailyqty tezirek igerý úshin ózińdi arzan jumys kúshi – qul retinde paidalanýdan ári aspaidy. Turmysyńdy durystap, mádenietińdi ósirý, ekonomikasy damysyn degen olar joq. Olai bolsa, qazaq qashan da óz qotyryn ózi qasyǵany durys. Bul rette taǵy da teńiz dep, tegin jatqan shóp bar dep araldarǵa aralaspaǵan jón, qashan da qazaqty maldan aiyryp bolmaidy. Endeshe, jyldar boiǵy túlik tuiaǵynan tozyp, topyraqqa ainalyp bara jatqan qum shaǵyldar kóshkinin toqtatý, jerdi shurailandyrýdy negizgi máselege ainaldyryp, sodan soń ǵana kúni búgin ulttyń eń jandy túiinine ainalǵan – Reseidiń qazaqtardy hristian dinine engizý syndy eń soraqy áleýmettik saiasaty úzildi-kesildi toqtatýdy maimóńkelemei batyl kóterý kerektigin aitty.
Biraq bul arada patsha aldynda álgindei áleýetti másele kóterý úshin ony alańdatyp, kóńilin jibitetin jaidy da umytpaý kerek. Óitkeni adamzat qaýymdasqannan beri áldi álsizdiń qolyna qaraidy. Bul para emes, syilyq. Syilyq syrt kózdi syndyrady, temirdei tóreni iliktiredi.
Maqash buǵan deiingi eki qabyldaýynda da, Resei patshasy aldyna qur qol barǵan joq. Bul joly da solai. Áitse de, qazaq atynan barǵan soń syidyń da qadirin suiyltpai, baǵasyn túsirmei, ulyqty uiytqan durys.
Bul jaily burynǵy ákim men búgingi ákim kóp oilandy. Aqyry, altynnan qazaqtyń kishkene ǵana kiiz úi maketin soqtyryp, ony maqpal-maýytpen qaptatyp, áspettegen kúii usynsa, taqsyryń tańyrqamaǵanda, kim tańyrqaidy. Biraq is ońdy, tartý tamasha bolǵany durys. Mańyzdy isti Maqash óz qolyna aldy. Bul jaily ol kezinde bylai dep jazypty: «… Jertólede on jeti qumyq saf altynnan kiiz úidiń turqyn bek kóńilimdegidei etip soqty. Osylai bir ai is qyldy. Altynnyń syrtyn maqpalmen tystattym…
Óteshqali Ataniiazov ekeýmiz Orynbor arqyly Petrompor (Peterbýrg) shaharyna sapar shektik. Halyq úshin qylǵan bir isti táńir ońǵaryp, patsha aǵzamnyń aldynan óttik. Syiymyzǵa aǵzam men mańaiyndaǵy hakimder bek yrza boldy. Artynan bizdi shoqyndyryp, musylmandyq úlgiden aiyrmańyz dep tilek qyldym. Jaýabyn hakim arqyly estisiń dedi. Ekinshi aptanyń sársenbi kúni oń tilek tilep jatqan bizge eki hakim kelip: «Patsha saǵan rezidentsiia salsyn dep aqsha bóldi» — dedi. Osymen qaiyr-qosh aitysty. Óteshqali ekeýmiz aýylǵa kóńilimiz kúpti oraldyq».
Áitse de, ultjandy qos arystyń atalǵan sońǵy ótinishi keiin Qudai sátin saldy ma, álde patsha aǵzamnyń ózi bir sheshimge keldi me, qalai degende de, qazaqtar hristian dinin qabyldaýdan aman qaldy. Bul qandastarymyzdyń baqyty, ult bolyp qalyptasýymyzdyń negizi bolsa kerek. Sonymen birge atalǵan iste Óteshqali Ataniiazovtyń da belgili dárejede úlesi bar ekenin esten shyǵarmaǵanymyz durys.
1890 jyly Qazan qalasynda ótken Búkilreseilik memlekettik ǵylymi-ónerkásiptik kórmesine sultan Ibragim Bókeihanov, Aiakem Ómirzakov, Ilias Mamýtovtarmen birge qatysyp qaitty.
Qoǵam qairatkeri, aǵartýshy-ǵalym Maqash Bekmuhamedov óziniń «Astrahan habarshysy» gazetiniń 1898 jylǵy 3 mamyrynda jariialanǵan «Qazaq dalasyndaǵy qaiyrymdylyq» atty maqalasynda «Ataniiazov qystyń sońǵy kúnderinde qiyn sátterde qandastaryna shópti tegin úlestirip, kómek kórsetti» – dep jazǵan. Osyndai halqynyń qashanda shyn janashyry, ári qamqorshysy bola bilgen Óteshqali Ataniiazov patshalyq ákimshilikten eki ret kúmis medalmen marapattalyp, áskeri rotmistr, keiin shtabs-kapitany shenin ielendi.
Áńgime oraiynda aita keteiik, ómirde Óteshqalidyń ózi de musylmanshylyq jolyna túsken dindar adam bolatyn. Ustanymy joǵaryda aitqanymyzdai, musylmanshylyq jol – islam dini. Ol 1901 jyly ózimen niettes, qandas 80 múridpen Astrahan qalasynan «Ellada» kemesimen jolǵa shyǵyp, Saýd Arabiiasyndaǵy Mekke-Mádinaǵa qajylyqqa barǵan. Keiin ár kúndegi bes ýaqyt namazyn qaza qylmai, jany taza, imandylyq jolymen dúnieden ótti.
Óteshqali Ataniiazov ómirde óziniń aýyldasy, Jáńgir hannyń uly, patsha armiiasynyń generaly (atty ásker general-leitenanty, áskeri janama aty Sultan Shyńǵyshan, Ǵubash) Ǵubaidolla Jáńgirovpen óte jaqyn dos bolǵan. Ǵubaidolla da musylmandyq din jolyn qatty qadirlegen. Ekeýiniń dostyǵyn Óteshqalidyń nemere kúieý balasy (inisi Nurǵalidyń qyzyn alǵan), Atyraý óńirindegi alǵashqy arnaýly bilimdi feldsherlerdiń biri, Kronshtadt qalasyndaǵy Nikolaev teńiz gospitalynyń janyndaǵy meditsinalyq mekteptiń túlegi Qajyǵali Mámekov (1883-1974) óziniń «Esimdegi esimder» (Atyraý, 2015 j.) atty esteliginde baiandaidy.
Bir ókinishtisi, bul kúnde Óteshqali Ataniiazov jaily, onyń Bókei ordasyn qalyptastyrý – el basqarý isi, Ýaqytsha keńestegi atqarǵan qyzmetteri jaily tipti de jazylmaidy. Múmkin ol joqtaýshysy joqtyqtan da shyǵar. Al, shyndyǵynda, onyń esimi XIX ǵasyrdyń ekinshi jartysy, ǵasyr toǵysynda Bókei ordasyna qatysty tarihi qujattarda jii kezdesedi. Tipti el ishinde ózi týǵan aýyldan tórt balany Ordaǵa alyp ketip, Jáńgir mektebinde oqytyp, keiin olardyń bári de eli úshin eseli eńbek etken aitýly azamattar bolǵany belgili.
Óteshqali Ataniiazovty eldegi aǵaiyn-týystary jastai týǵan jerden jyraqtap, orysy kóp bilik arasynda óskendikten be, kóbine jalǵyz jataq turyp, bólektenip júrdi, orys qoldy ómir súrdi deidi. Ol ras, Óteshqali aǵa kezinde qoǵamnyń qandai qyzmetine aralassa da abyroily boldy. Basshylyqtan da, buqaradan da alǵys aldy. Sonyń belgisindei onyń óńirinde patshalyq Reseidiń eki kúmis medali jarqyrady. Elde Keńes úkimeti ornap jatqan kezde, ol jasynyń ulǵaiǵandyǵyna bailanysty óziniń qoǵamdyq qyzmetterin qoiyp, zeinetker atandy. Orda janyndaǵy Ahon kóli jaǵasynan úi salyp, qalǵan ómiriniń bar tirligin sonda ótkizedi. Ózinen órbigen ul-qyzdary, nemerelerin imandylyqqa uiytqan kúii bul pánide 69 jyl ǵumyr keship, 1924 jyly dúnieden ótedi. Ony kórgender, jumystas, syilas bolǵandardyń bári tereń oily, bilimdi, halqy úshin adal eńbek etken ziialy jan edi dep aityp otyrady. Sondai jandy umytpai eske alý, urpaqtar al-dynda ulyǵylaý abyroily boryshymyz bolsa kerek.
…Artymyzda Bekaidar qumy qalyp barady. Biz sol qumnyń qymbat uldarynyń biri Óteshqali Ataniiazov jaily oilap otyrmyz. Osyndai eńbek etken azamatqa Oral shaharynyń bir kóshesiniń atyn berse, quba-qup bolar edi.
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Tailaq batyr Yrǵyz ózeninen Jaiyqqa deiin, bir sheti Kaspii teńizin jailap jatqan 29 rýly elge jar salyp, eldi, jerdi qorǵaýǵa úndep, qandy qanmen jýyp, kek qaitarýǵa shaqyryp, qol jinady 1. Batyr men sultan dostyǵy Batyrdyń aty tarlyqta emes, joqtyqta, tynyshtyqta emes qorlyqta, saiabyr sátte emes soǵysta shyǵatyny tarihtan belgili. Halqymyzydyń eń eleýli tulǵalarynyń biri, aty keń dalamyzǵa ańyz bolyp taraǵan, talai ala qyrǵyn soǵystan abyroimen shyqqan, halqymyz qyzyl qanǵa boialǵan kezde Kishi júz sarbazdarynyń qolbasshysy bolǵan Tailaq batyrdyń qazaq tarihynyń tórinen erekshe oryn alatyn reti bar. 1715 jyldan 1726 jylǵa deiin sozylǵan jońǵar qontaishylarynyń elimizge salǵan oiran-qyrǵynynyń ortasynda shyńdalǵan Tailaq batyr halqymyzdyń arqa súier arysyna ainaldy, kek jibermes uly bolyp qalyptasty. Tailaq batyrdyń qalyptasýy, soǵysta, beibit ómirde jasaǵan erligi týraly Ábish Kekilbaevtyń «Úrker» romanynda jazylǵan [1, 74]. Jas kezinen Ábilqaiyr sultanmen birge óskeni, birge shyńdalǵany, dos bolǵany, toi-dýmanda da, joryqtarda da qatar turǵany Ábish aǵanyń jaǵymdy, shuraily, kórkem sózderimen tolyq kórsetilgen. Sol romannan úzindi keltirgen durys dep eseptedim. Tailaq qalyńdyq izdegende: – Áke, sonda kimniń aýylyna barǵanym durys deisiń? – dep surapty. – Ózińniń bolashaq qadirińdi, ákeńniń atyn, dosyńnyń abyroiyn, tegin úidiń bosaǵasyna tastai salma. Jalǵyz shaldyń jalǵyz balasy bolyp ta biraz júrdiń ǵoi. Eń bolmasa qainyń qalyń aýyl bolar ma eken? Alysqa at shaptyryp qaitesiń, myna Boraldai boiyndaǵy Jomarttyń aýylyna bara sal, – depti. Ákesiniń «bara salynyń» ózi bailyǵy men sán-saltanaty kúlli qazaqtyń aýyzyna ilikken Jomart bolǵanyna Tailaq tańǵalmaǵanda, kim tańǵalsyn! Qapelimde, ishtei júreksinip tursa da, áke aýzynan shyǵar sóz shyǵyp qalǵasyn, qasyna Ábilqaiyrdy ertip Jomarttyń aýlyna bardy... Romannyń osy úzindisinen-aq Tailaq pen Ábilqaiyr sultannyń jas bozbala kezinen dos bolyp birge júrgenin baiqaisyz. Mine, Kishi júzdiń eki tarlany osylai baryp Pátshaiym sulýǵa quda túsip qaitqan bolatyn. Bozbala kezinen birge ósip, dostyqtyń barlyq ótkelinen birge ótken, aýyldaǵy qaqtyǵystan bastap, jaý shebinde el qorǵaýǵa deiingi soǵystarda bige shyńdalǵan Tailaq pen Ábilqaiyrdyń qarym-qatynasy basqalardan erekshe bolǵan dep baǵa berýge bolady. Tarihshy A.I. Levshin óziniń kitabynda qazaqtardyń Edil boiyndaǵy jaiylymy mol, tabiǵaty tamasha jerde turyp, on bes jyldan keiin Jaiyqtyń bergi betine ótkende barlyǵy birdei attan túsip, jerdiń topyraǵyn súiip, kózderine jas alǵanyn erekshe atap kórsetken. Mine, osyndai jeri men halqyn ardaqtai biletin, eli úshin janyn pida etetin jandardyń arasynan shyńdalyp shyqqan Tailaq, «Aqtaban shubyryndy» dep atalyp ketken qazaqtyń basyna túsken aýyr zamanda qudireti kúshti qolbasshyǵa ainaldy. Bilegi qarý kóteretin jastan bastap jasy alpystan asqan el aǵalaryna deiin qoldaryna semser men naizasyn ustap jońǵar qontaishylaryna qarsy shyqqanyn el biledi. Bul qyrǵyn sońǵy 300 jylda ótken soǵys órtiniń eń alapaty, eń jaýyzy, eń qiyny edi, qazaq halqy joq bolyp ketýdiń az-aq aldynda turdy. Tarihshylardyń aitýyna qaraǵanda, jer de, sý da qanǵa boialyp, ólik jatpaǵan buta bolmaǵan siiaqty. Qansha jigerli halyq bolǵanmen uiymdastyratyn basshy bolmasa, bastaityn qolbasshy bolmasa, qalyń ásker de qaýqarsyz bolatyny belgili. Osyndai qysylǵan zamanda Kishi júzge basshy bolyp, barlyq taipany biriktirip alǵa jetelegen Ábilqaiyr han desek, osy halyqtyń áskerine bas qolbasshylyq jasap jeńiske jetýge bar kúshin salǵan, aqyl, ailasymen basqarǵan adam – Tailaq batyr. ...Jomart batyrdyń aýylynda bolǵan oqiǵa, qazaqtyń barlyq aýylyn sharpydy, jońǵarlar jolyndaǵy qazaq elin túgel qyrdy. Al Jomart batyrdyń aýylyn mysalǵa alyp otyrǵan sebebimiz, bul Tailaq batyrdyń qaiyn jurty bolatyn. Ajdahadai aýzyn ashqan jaý eshkimdi aiamady, Jetirýdyń arqa súier baiy, bii, aqsaqaly Tailaqtyń ákesiniń aýylyn qyrǵynǵa ushyratyp, ózin naizaǵa shanshyp ketti. Bunyń bárin kózimen kórgen Tailaq, qasyndaǵy Ábilqaiyr dosy ekeýi ákeni jerlep kúńirengennen basqa eshteńe jasai almady. Mine, osydan bastap ár elge jaýshy ketti, ár biik tóbeniń basyna ot jaǵyldy, ár rý óz batyrlary bastaǵan qoldaryn Kishi júzdiń hany Ábilqaiyrdyń qasyna toptastyrdy. Tarihtan belgili halyq sarbazdary batyrlardyń janyna toptaldy, solardan úmit kútti. Tabyndardy bastaǵan Bókenbai batyr, tamalardy bastaǵan Eset batyr, Jaǵalbailylardy bastaǵan Sárke batyr, jalpy Jetirýdyń barlyq batyrlary Tailaq batyrdyń arqa súier kúshi bolatyn. Batyrlyǵymen qolbasshyǵa sai aqyly, alǵyrlyǵy Tailaqtyń basqa rý basshylarynyń aldynda abyroiy myqty ekenin kórsetti, sendirdi. 2. Qasiretti zaman qaiǵysy Jaibaraqat urpaǵyn ósirip, malyn jaiyp, sharýasyn jailap, mamyrajai tirlik keship jatqan qazaq eline 100 myńnan astam qolmen jońǵar qontaishylary lap qoiǵanda, mundai alapat qatygezdik pen jaýyzdyq kútpegen, qamsyz jatqan eldi, alǵashqyda, qara túnektei úrei jailady. Bul qazaq eline qasiret túsken 1723 jyldyń kóktemi edi. Kishi júzdiń namysker jigitterin janyna jiyp, saýyt-saimanyn kiip, jaý jaraǵyn asynyp, alǵashqylardyń biri bop jońǵarǵa qarsy bas kótergen Tailaq batyr bolatyn. Tailaq batyr Yrǵyz ózeninen Jaiyqqa deiin, bir sheti Kaspii teńizin jailap jatqan 29 rýly elge jar salyp, eldi, jerdi qorǵaýǵa úndep, qandy qanmen jýyp, kek qaitarýǵa shaqyryp, qol jinady. Sol jyldyń kúzinen, iaki jasaqtyń qurylýynyń alǵashqy sátterinen bastap-aq Tailaq batyr bastaǵan qazaq sarbazdary ózderiniń ótkir de tutqiyl shabýyldarymen jońǵarlarǵa úlken oi salyp, ózderiniń osal jaý emestigin tanyta bildi. Sol ataqty jońǵar qolbasshylarynyń biri Shona-Doba, qasietti qazaq dalasynda, óziniń san myń áskerimen ilgeri attap basa almai, tabandap turyp qaldy. Sheksiz qazaq dalasynyń tósinde oinaǵan saǵymdai-aq, joq jerden paida bolatyn Tailaq batyrdyń qarýly qoly, jońǵar sarbazdaryna tutqiyldan qasqyrdai tiip, tutasymen qyryp salyp, qasietti dalasyna saǵymdai sińip ketetin. Ári qarai jyljý kerek degen myńbasylarynyń usynysyna Shona- Dobanyń qaharlanyp aitqan myna sózi tarih betterinde qalǵan: «Sender nemene, álgi shekten shyqqan Tailaqtyń bizdiń kún kelbetti ákemizdi qoianjúrek qorqaq degenin umyttyńdar ma? Jáne ol Boǵdyhannyń ózi bas igen bizdiń qudiretti ákemizdi, qasietti ámirshimizdi bir kezde Táýke han jeńip ketken deitin kórinedi, sol aitqanyn umyttyńdar ma? Sol essizderdiń bastary aiaǵymnyń astyna kep domalap túspei, men bul aradan attap shyqpaimyn», – dep shegelegen. Shona-Doba qansha aila jumsaǵanmen, ne Tailaq batyrǵa, ne onyń sarbazdaryna eshteńe jasai almady. Sodan jońǵardyń qalyń qoly ilgeri attap basa almai, Tailaq batyr bastaǵan qaharman qazaq jasaqtarymen úsh jyl arpalysyp, bul soǵys Bulanty boiyndaǵy uly shaiqasqa ulasty. Qandy qyrǵynnyń alǵashqy kúnderinen bastap-aq Tailaq batyrdyń dańqy búkil qazaq halqy arasynda keń taralyp qana qoimai, sonymen qatar jońǵar qontaishylary men jońǵar sarbazdarynyń arasynda alapat úrei týdyrýshy dańqty esimge ainaldy. Tailaq batyrdyń qol jetkizgen jeńisteri, jasaǵan erlikteri, jaýlarǵa týdyrǵan úreii keń dalamyzǵa tarap, uly júzdiń qol jinap jatqan ataqty batyry Sańyraqqa jetti jáne ony qanattandyra tústi. 3. Bulanty men Bólenti shaiqasy Sańyraq batyr bar sarbazdarymen ózine qosylatynyn aityp Tailaq batyrǵa Kenje batyr bastaǵan jaýshylaryn attandyrdy. Jibergen jaýshylar týraly derek Á. Álimjanovtyń «Jaýshy» romanynda tolyq qamtylǵan [2, 188]. Qiyn-qystaý joldarmen ótken jaýshylar kelip jetkende Tailaq batyr óz áskerlerimen jońǵarlarǵa shabýyl jasaýǵa daiyndalyp jatqan. Tailaq batyr habarshylar arqyly Shona-Dobanyń aryna tietin ótkir sózder joldap, eger qoianjúrek qorqaq bolmasa kelisimdi kúni Bulanty men Bólenti ózenderiniń aralyǵyna sheshýshi shaiqasqa kelsin degen habar jibergen. Tailaq batyrdyń bul shaqyrýy, búkil qazaq jerinde jońǵar jortýyly bastalǵannan beri, qazaq qolynyń jońǵardyń qalyń qolymen terezesin teń qoiyp, ashyq shaiqasqa alǵash shaqyrýy edi. Bul shaqyrýdyń astarynda, jońǵarlarǵa, kúniń bitti, tuiaq serper aqtyq sátteriń taiandy degen aishyqty eskertý jatty. Júzbasy-myńbasylarymen, keńesshilerimen qansha aqyldasqanmen, jaǵdaidy kórip-bilip otyrǵan Shona-Dobanyń Tailaq batyrdyń shartyn qabyldaýdan basqa amaly qalmady. Tailaq batyrdyń úsh jyldan bergi talai shaiqastarda jońǵarlarǵa soqqy berip, aiaq astynan ailasyn asyryp, talai qandy shaiqastardan óz adamdaryn az shyǵynmen alyp shyǵýy barlyq jerge jaiylyp, halyq arasynda ańyzǵa ainalǵan. Janyna Bókenbai batyr bastaǵan tabyndardy, Eset batyr bastaǵan tamalardy, Sárke batyr bastaǵan jaǵalbailylardy, Esenquldyń Esegi bastaǵan adailardy jáne basqa kishi júz rýlarynyń sarbazdaryn toptastyryp jońǵarlarmen sheshýshi urysqa daiyndalyp jatqan Tailaq batyr talai synnan ótip ábden shyńdalǵan, soǵystyń egjei-tegjeiin tolyq biletin qazaqtyń belgili qolbasshysyna ainalǵan. Kishi júz batyrlarynyń aqsaqaly, 1710 jylǵy quryltaidan beri ataǵy belgili Tabyn taipasynyń qolbasshysy Bókenbai batyr alaqan jaiyp, Tailaq pen Sańyraqqa jeńis jolyn tilep, aq batasyn berdi. Kelisimdegi shaiqas ornyna túndelete jetken, kózoba jaǵylǵan otqa aldanyp qalǵan Shona-Dobanyń qalyń qoly jer sipap qaldy, aldyn-ala jasalǵan josparlarynyń byt-shyty shyǵyp, kútilmegen, tosyn jaǵdaida ne isterin bilmei daǵdarysqa ushyrady. Ertesine jońǵardyń myńdaǵan qoly shubyryp, túidek-túidek bolyp Qarasiyr ańǵaryna jetkende, qarsy kelgen qazaq sarbazdaryna tirelip irkilip toqtady. Sál tynyshtyqtan keiin, dońǵalaq ústine ornatylǵan úlken barabannyń úrei shaqyrǵan dúńkili dalany jańǵyrtqandai boldy. Jońǵar qolynyń aldyna bir myqtysy shyǵyp jekpe-jek dep aiqai salǵan kezde qazaq sarbazdarynyń tobyn jaryp Sárke batyr shyqqan. Osy jekpe-jek batyrdyń dańqyn búkil qazaq jerine áigili qyldy. Kúsh synasqan tarihi tóbe osy kúnge deiin Sárke tóbe atanatyny sondyqtan bolar. Sol kúnnen bastap Sárke batyrdyń atyna «Altyn sapty, almas qylyshty» degen sózdi qosyp aitylatyn boldy. Shona-Dobanyń áskeri Tailaq bastaǵan qazaq sarbazdarynan eki ese kóp edi. Jońǵarlar qazaq qolyn qorshaýǵa ala bastaǵan kezde eki búiirden batyrlar bastaǵan 2 myń qazaq sarbazdary kelip kilikti. Jońǵarlardy tyqsyryp, qontaishynyń shatyryna qarai yǵystyrǵanda, olar ailalaryn asyryp, zeńbirekterdiń jolyn ashyp, sheginip ketti. Sol sátte bildirmei jaqyndap turǵan Kenje batyr bastaǵan eki júzdik ushqyr attarymen jer astynan shyǵa kelgendei zeńbirek mańyndaǵy sarbazdarǵa lap qoidy. On eki zeńbirektiń tek úsheýi ǵana oq atyp úlgergen shaqta, qazaq jigitteri jetip úlgerip, jońǵarlyqtardy shaýyp, zeńbirekterin arqan salyp, súirep áketti. Osy mezgilde eki jaqtan qazaqtardyń eki myńdyǵy kelip tigende, Shona-Dobanyń sheshýshi urysqa alyp qalyp turǵan áskerin de salýdan basqa amaly qalmady. Tailaq pen Sańyraq osy kezde áli de ustap otyrǵan 500 sarbazyn urysqa salǵanda Shona-Doba bastaǵan sońǵy myńdyq alańdy tastap jan saqtaýdyń amalyna kirisken bolatyn. Búrkit belgisi bar Tailaq batyr bastaǵan, Arystan belgisi bar Sańyraq batyr kómekke kelgen Bulanty – Bólenti soǵysy atalǵan sol shaiqas dańqy keń dalamyzǵa jelmen jetkendei tez tarady. 4. Qazaqtyń uly jeńisi – «Ańyraqai» Dalany jańǵyrtqan shýly habardy alysymen Uly júzdi Saýryq batyr baryp kóterdi, Orta júzdi ataǵy belgili qanjyǵaly Bógenbai batyr toptastyrdy, al Tailaq batyr Kishi júzden qol jinap daiyndyqqa kiristi. Qazaqqa dabyl qaǵylyp, qarý kóteretin er adamnyń barlyǵy Uly taýdyń baýyraiyna jinaldy. Uly júz qolynyń bas sardary Saýryq batyr, Orta júz qolynyń bas sardary qanjyǵaly Bógenbai, Kishi júz qolynyń bas sardary Tailaq batyr ortaǵa shyǵyp: «Aǵaiynnyń amanatyn jerge qaldyrsam, tuqym-teberimmen, áýlet-záýzatymmen quryp keteiin. Arym-alashqa, qanym-qazaqqa!» dep ant sý ishti, quran ustap ant beristi. Barlyq qazaq qaýymyna basshylyqqa Kishi júz hany Ábilqaiyr sailandy. Osy úsh batyr bastaǵan qazaq qoly qyrǵyndy salyp jatqan, degenmen 1726 jylǵy urystan keiin eseńgirep qalǵan jońǵarlarǵa (qalmaqtarǵa) qarsy kóterildi. Bul soǵys qazaq tarihynda «Ańyraqai» degen atpen qalǵan. Bul dáýirde Tailaq az áskerden qalyń qolǵa deiin basqaryp, shaiqastardyń nebir qiyn tustarynda utymdy áskeri aila men ádisterdi sheber qoldanyp, ańyzǵa ainalǵan dańqty qolbasshy dárejesine jetti. Úsh júzdiń áskerlerine: Uly júzge bas bolyp Sańyraq batyr, Orta júzge Qanjyǵaly Bógenbai batyr, Kishi júzge Tailaq batyr sailandy. Bul batyrlar 5 jyldyq soǵysta árqaisysy bir kishkentai aýyldyń jigitterinen bastap, 15-20 myńǵa deiin qol jiyp, olardy jalaýly jeńisterge jetkizgen ataqty, bedeldi sarbazdar edi. Sondyqtan qazaqtyń bar sarbazdary men batyrlary óz ómirlerin osy úsh batyrǵa senip tapsyrdy desek artyq emes. 5. Tailaq batyr kim, qai urpaqtardan taraǵan? 1729 jylǵy qazaq jerinde toiǵa ainalǵan uly jeńis soǵystyń sońy emes edi. Ártúrli sebeptermen elge bytyrap ketken ár júzdiń áskerleriniń basy qosyla qoimady. Kishi júz hany Ábilqaiyr orys patshasynyń elshisi shyǵýyna bailanysty óz ordasyn Yrǵyz ózeniniń mańyndaǵy Maitóbe degen jerge ornalastyrdy, Jetirýdyń myqtylaryn qasyna toptastyrdy. Al jońǵarlar óz jónine kete qoimady, basqalary tarqaǵanmen Kishi júzdiń Tailaq batyr men Ábilqaiyr hannyń inisi Bulǵaiyr sultan bastaǵan 70 000 qoly ult azattyq soǵysty ári jalǵastyrdy. Qazaǵymyzdyń túp qabyrǵasy, shejirege úńileiik. Aty alty alashqa belgili Kishi júzdiń tóbe bii Shegen bidiń tórtinshi urpaǵy, aty ańyzǵa ainalyp, búkil jalpaq Jaǵalbaily eline uran bolǵan Malataý batyrdyń nemeresi Tailaq batyr dep jazylǵan Jetirý shejiresinde. Tailaq batyrdyń ákesiniń azan shaqyryp qoiǵan aty Mamyr dep kórsetilgen bir derekte. Qazaqstan ulttyq entsiklopediiasynyń 8-tomynda Tailaq Mátiuly dep jazylǵan [3]. Mamyr babamyz Shegen bi siiaqty qazaqtyń ataqty suńqarynyń shóberesi ekenin eskersek, jastaiynan tárbie alyp, bilimniń ordasynda ósken Mamyr babamyzdyń bilik quryp, Máti bi atanýyna shek keltirýge bolmaidy. Osy entsiklopediiadan úzindi keltirip, Tailaq batyrdyń qysqa bolsa da, el úshin týǵan er ekenin bilýge bolady. «...Kishi júzdiń Jetirýynan shyqqan. Ábilqaiyr hanmen úzeńgiles qurdas ári aqylshy-keńesshisi bolǵan. 1726 jyly Ordabasy jiynynda Kishi júz jasaqtarynyń qolbasshysy bolyp sailandy. Tailaqtyń jieni, Uly júzdiń batyry oshaqty Sańyryqpen birge jońǵarlarǵa qarsy kúreste erligimen kózge túsken. Bulanty-Bileýti shaiqasynda, Ańyraqai shaiqasynda Kishi júz jasaǵyn basqarǵan». Bul jazbadan Tailaq batyrdyń Ábilqaiyr hannyń tek zamandasy emes, ekeýiniń qurdas ekenin bilemiz. Demek, Ábilqaiyr 1693 jyly týǵan dep eseptesek, onda Tailaq batyrdyń da sol jyly ómirge kelgenin eseptep shyǵarý qiyn emes. Ári ketkende týǵan jyldarynda 1-2 jas ózgeshelik bolýy múmkin. Al batyrdyń ómirden ótken jyly týraly dál derek joq. Tailaq batyrdyń keiingi ómiri týraly halyq aýzynan jetken ańyz áńgimelerdiń shyndyqqa ulasatyn bir nusqasy mynadai. Jaýdy ókshelep qýǵan Tailaq batyr jońǵarlardyń ábden tyqyryna jetken bolý kerek. Jekpe-jekte jeńe almai, talai batyrlarynan aiyrylǵan jońǵar qontaishylary Tailaq batyrdyń basyna bás tigip ańdyǵanǵa uqsaidy. Bir yńǵaiy kelgende az áskermen qalǵan Tailaq batyrdy kóp adammen qorshaǵan jońǵarlar batyrdyń kózin joiýdyń amalyn jasap baǵady. Bul amaldary tolyq iske aspaǵanmen, jaralanǵan batyrdy qazaq sarbazdary keiin alyp shyǵyp eline jetkizgen. Mine, osydan bolý kerek, Ábilqaiyr han orys patshasymen birneshe ret shartqa otyrǵanda birde-bir qujatta eń jaqyn dosy, eldiń mańdaiyna bitken ataqty batyry Tailaq joq. Odan soń bolǵan qalmaqtarmen, orys-kazaktarmen jáne basqalarymen soǵystarda da Tailaqtyń bolmaýy, aitylǵan ańyz áńgimeniń durystyǵyn dáleldeitin siiaqty. Osyndai elimizdiń irgesi sógilmeýi úshin ómirin qiǵan, kózin jumǵansha halqymyzdyń bostandyǵy úshin, qazaqtyń joq bolyp ketpeýi úshin soǵys órtiniń ortasynda júrgen Tailaq baba eski qorymda bir tóbeshik bolyp jatyr. Qasynda synyp jatqan qulyptasyna qarap, átteń asyl er, halyqtyń bir týǵan uly, arýaqty ata urpaqtaryńa men munda jatyp senderdiń tilegińdi tileimin, endigisin ózderiń bilińder dep jatyr-aý degen oiǵa ketesiń. Baianǵali QULTAEV, etnograf-ólketanýshy, Q. Jubanov atyndaǵy Aqtóbe óńirlik memlekettik ýniversiteti Paidalanylǵan ádebietter Kekilbaiuly Á. On eki tomdyq shyǵarmalar jinaǵy. – Almaty: «Ólke» baspasy. – T. 4. – 1999. – 464 b. Álimjanov Á. Ustazdyń oralýy, Jaýshy, Mahambettiń jebesi: Romandar. – Almaty: Jazýshy. 1981. – 544 b. Qazaqstan ulttyq entsiklopediiasy. 8-shi tom.Istochnik: http://e-history.kz/kz/publications/view/2812© e-history.kz
