Altyn denem sharshasa, sharshasyn –
Abzal elim dańqy artsyn
Bútin denem qinalsa, qinalsyn –
Búkil elim toptansyn.
Shyńǵyshan.
«Napoleon qylyshpen bastaǵan isti men qalammen aiaqtaimyn» depti uly Balzak. Jáne bul sózdi qaǵazǵa túsirip, jumys bólmesiniń kózge túser kórnekti jerine ilip qoiypty. Bul sóz ózara ityrqyljyń qańqasap bolyp qyrqysyp jatqan frantsýz halqynyń basyn (Napoleon bilik basyna kelgen kez el ishinde azamat soǵysy júrip jatqan bolatyn – Á.B.) bas-aiaǵy bes-on jylda jumylǵan judyryqtai tastúiin etip biriktire bilgen, biriktirip qana qoimai jaýynger halyqtardyń da qataryna qosa alǵan qarapaiym korsikalyq jigittiń el aldyndaǵy eren eńbegine taǵzym retinde aitylǵan bolar.
Ras, Napoleon joryqtary sátsiz aiaqtaldy. Bir armiiasyn Mysyr dalasynda taǵdyr tálkegine tastap ketse, ekinshisimen Reseidiń qarly ólkesinde masqara bolyp qosh aitysty. Vaterloo túbinde aqyry tas-talqan bolyp jeńilis tapty. Biraq sarbazdary Napoleon sátsizdikke ushyrady eken dep odan syrt ainalyp ketken joq, alystaǵy Elbadan aidaýdan qashyp kelgende týynyń astyna qaitadan tura qaldy. Imperatorǵa adaldyǵyn baiqatty. Halqy tarapynan mundai sheksiz súiispenshilikke bólený arǵy-bergi Frantsiia tarihynda qandai da bir jumyr basty frantsýzdyń taǵdyr-talaiyna jazyla qoidy ma eken, ái, qaidam…
Napoleon rýhyna sol kezdegi frantsýz jazýshylary ǵana emes, qatardaǵy jaýyngerden kórnekti ǵalymǵa deiin tabyna táý etkendigi anyq. Mysaly, Napoleonnyń ekspeditsiialyq áskeri korpýsy quramynda arnaiy jasaqtalǵan ǵalymdar men mamandar toby bolǵandyǵy jaqsy belgili. Bul topta tipti, aqyn da bar bolatyn. Al keiin Egipet ieroglifterin oqýdyń kiltin tapqan jas ǵalym Jan Fransýa Shampolonmen qoly qalt etken bir tusta Napoleonnyń ózi arnaiy baryp áńgimeleskeni de bar.
Iá, áigili frantsýz adamzat tarihyna uly jaýger ǵana emes, ǵylymnyń janashyry retinde de kire bildi. Biletinder onyń óziniń jeke basyn talantty, biraq baǵy ashylmai qalǵan belletrist jazýshy sipatynda da dáripteidi. Qazaq bolsa mundai adamdy bir sózben «segiz qyrly, bir syrly» der-di. Al ondai adamnyń el qurmetine bólenbeýi múmkin be? Frantsýzdardyń ózderiniń osy bir otandasyna degen sheksiz mahabbatyn basqashalai túsindirý múmkin emes. Bul mahabbattyń qandai ólshemmen ólshenetindigin Stendaldiń «Qyzyl men qarasyn» oqyǵan jan birden túsiner edi.
Al, bizde she?
Adamzat tarihynda esimin máńgilik qaldyrǵan jahangerler kóp emes. Biri jańaǵy sóz bolǵan Napoleon bolsa, biregeii ózimizdiń qysyq kóz babamyz Shyńǵyshan ekendigi shyndyq. Arǵy-bergi tarihty zertteýshilerdiń daryndylyǵy jaǵynan Shyńǵyshandy Tsezar, Makedonskii, Gannibal sekildi áigili qolbasshylardyń bárinen joǵary qoiatyny bar. Tipti, Atilla-Edildiń ózi onyń kóleńke tasasynda qalyp qoimaq. Al endi Aziiadan shyqqan alyp tulǵany biz qalai dáriptep, onyń tarihi murasyn qalai zerdelep jatyrmyz, baǵasyna jete aldyq pa?
Saýalǵa jaýap izdep kóreiik. Jaqynda qolyma kórnekti aqynymyz Muhtar Shahanovtyń «Jazager jady kosmoformýlasy» (Shyńǵyshannyń pendelik qupiiasy) atty poemalardan quralǵan romanynyń orys tilindegi nusqasy tústi. Oqyp shyǵyp «talantty jazýshy saýatsyz oqyrmandy óz tujyrymyna báribir ilandyrmaq» degen qaǵidanyń aqiqattyǵyna kózim taǵy jete túskendei boldy. Iá, Shahanov talantty aqyn. Milliondaǵan qazaqtyń júregin jaýlaǵan sanaýly qalamgerlerimizdiń biri. Endigi jerde darynyn álem jurtshylyǵy moiyndap jatyr. Shahanovty moiyndaý – qazaqty moiyndaý. Shahanov shyǵarmashylyǵy arqyly qazaqtyń moiyndalyp jatqanyna biz de qýanamyz. Biraq sol moiyndatý qandai qurbandyqtarmen (basqashalai aitý múmkin emes – Á.B.) kelip jatqandyǵyn bilgende azdap tiksinip qalǵan da jaiymyz bar. Romandy oqyp otyryp beinebir Shahanov Shyńǵyshandai uly arýaqtyń sońyna jaryq kúnde shyraq alyp túskendei kúide qaldyq.
Shyńǵyshan, shynynda da, Shahanov beinelegendei rýhani qubyjyq pa? Joq, olai bolmaýy kerek. Óz zamanynyń ańyz-áńgimelerimen sýsyndap óskenin shejireshiler san ret tápsirlep jazǵan joq pa! Dalalyq sara mádeniet týdyrǵan batyrlyq epostardyń yqpalynda tárbielenip ósken bala Temirshindi qalai ǵana rýhani ergejeili deýge aýzymyz barmaq?
Osy tusta Shyńǵyshan dúniege kelgen kezderi Uly Dalanyń shyǵysynda júz bergen oqiǵalarǵa az-maz toqtala ketken jón sekildi. «Mońǵoldyń qupiia shejiresinde» osy óńirdegi taipalar arasynda bolyp jatqan úzdiksiz qaqtyǵystar, iaǵni dalalyq azamat soǵysy jaily baiandalady. Tutas mońǵoldyń bileýshisi, Shyńǵyshannyń atasy Ambaǵai handy qytailyqtardyń aldap qolǵa túsirip, kergishke shegelep qaǵyp óltirgenine de jarty ǵasyrdai ǵana ýaqyt bolǵan. Mundai dúrbeleń kezeńde keshe ǵana bir týdyń astynda bolǵan, dańqty kezderin áli umyta qoimaǵan shashyrandy taipalardyń arasynda qandai áńgimeler aitylýy múmkin. Kónekóz jazbalar buǵan «El arasynda búkil eldiń basyn biriktiretin, olardy jańa uly jeńisterge bastaityn dana bileýshi keletindigi jaily áńgimeler jii aitylatyn edi» dep jaýap beredi. Árine, halyq kútken bul tarihi orynǵa birden-bir laiyq jan keshegi ómiri azappen úzilgen Ambaǵai hannyń nemeresi, bórjigennen shyqqan Esýhei bahadúrdiń úlken balasy Temirshin bolatyn. Bul áńgimelerdiń Vifleemnen shyqqan adamzatty qutqarýshy Isa Másih jaily bizdiń jyl sanaýymyzdyń baz kezindegi áńgimelermen uqsastyǵy sondai, Uly Dalanyń osy óńirinde jańa paiǵambardy kútken Aldyńǵy Aziiadaǵy sol bir kóńil-kúiler araǵa myń jyl salyp qaita qaitalanyp jatqandai áser qaldyratyn. Bozbala Isa sekildi bala Temirshinniń de óz missiiasyna ishtei qatty daiyndalǵandyǵy anyq. Biraq alda ony adamgershilik pen ar-namys synǵa túsetin taýqymetti taǵdyr kútip tur edi.
Esýhei bahadúr Temirshinine qońyrat Dai sheshenniń qyzy Bórteni aittyryp kele jatqan saparynda tatarlardyń qolynan ýlanyp ólgesin, keshe ǵana uiyp otyrǵandai bolǵan shańyraqtan baq ketken. Esýheidiń jesiri Óelin kúieýinen muraǵa qalǵan bilikti qolynda ustap qala almady. Tóńireginde toptasyp otyrǵan rýlas aǵaiyndary bulardan alapes kórgendei bir túnde beze kóshti. Óelin Esýheiden qalǵan taǵy bir áiel jáne tórt bala, bir qyzben dalada qaldy. Iá, keshe ǵana jarylqap turǵandai bolǵan Táńiri syrt ainalam dese bir-aq sát. Al sol syrt ainalý jigerdi qairaityn syndarly syn bolyp shyqsa she! Qalai degenmen de Temirshinniń óziniń juldyzdy taǵdyryna sengendigi anyq.
Temirshinniń ózimen ákesi bir, sheshesi bólek Bekter baýyryn óltiretini de osy tus. Bolashaq jahanger mundai qanquily iske nelikten bardy, áreket astarynda ne sebep jatty, osy arada buǵan da oi kózin júgirte ketken jón sekildi.
Osy arada bizdiń Lev Gýmilevtiń «Qupiia patshalyqty izdeý» kitabyna, dálirek aitqanda, onyń «Mońǵoldyń qupiia shejiresi» tasasyna jasyrǵan qupiialarǵa boilaityn taraýlaryna toqtala ketkenimiz oryndy. Lev Gýmilev shejiredegi osy oqiǵany baiandaityn tusqa ár túrli qyrynan mátindik, logikalyq taldaý jasai kelip, Bekter Temirshinniń syrtynan tyńshylyq júrgizgen bolsa kerek degen bailamǵa keledi. Iá, aidalada jalǵyz qalǵan úidegi bolashaqta búkil mońǵoldy bileitin bolady dep el ishindegi ańyz-áńgimeler dáriptep júrgen balanyń kóńil túkpirinde qandai qozǵalystar bolyp jatqandyǵyn bilip otyrýǵa halyq birliginen góri óziniń «bólip al da bilei ber» jeke biligin táýir kóretin aqsúiekter múddeli bolatyn. Al Temirshin jaily ondai málimetterdi berip otyratyn jalǵyz pende baýyry Bekter edi. Gýmilev Temirshin osy surqai shyndyqty bilip qalǵan bolsa kerek dep bailam jasaidy. Qazirge deiin «Qupiia shejireniń» mátinine taldaý jumysyn júrgizgen jalǵyz ǵalym Lev Gýmilev ekendigin eskersek, bizdiń de osy bailamǵa toqtaǵanymyz durys. Bekterdiń Temirshindi satqandyǵy kúmán týdyrmaidy. Al satqynǵa qashanda ólim jazasy laiyq. Óitkeni bozbala Temirshinniń oi-sanasynda bul kezderi keshegi Ambaǵai atasynan qalǵan eldi qaita biriktirý jaily armannyń pisip-jetilip jatqandyǵy anyq edi. Mundai uly murat jolynda álsizdik tanytsa baýyryn da aiaýǵa bolmaityn. (Gogoldiń óz balasyn atyp óltirgen ataqty Taras Býlbasyn eske túsireiik – Á.B.) Dalanyń márt jaýyngerlik salty sondai aqadal qataldyqty talap etetin. Osy taldaýdan keiin-aq, biz keshegi Keńes ókimeti tusyndaǵy tarihshylarymyzdyń túsindirgenindei, Shyńǵyshannyń balyq úshin bolǵan bolymsyz eregeste baýyryn da óltire salatyn bezbúirek jan emes, kerisinshe, uly murat jolynda ózin de, ózgeni de aiamaityn jigerli, birbetkei jan ekendigin ańdar edik. Endi «Qupiia shejire» avtory oqiǵany nege bolǵan kúiinde baiandamady degen saýalǵa keleiik. Saýalǵa bylai jaýap berýge bolady: «Shejirede» Bekter óliminiń sebebi ashyq tápsirlenetin bolsa, bul bir týdyń astyna qaita birige bastaǵan eldiń aýyz birligine syzat túsirer edi, baýyr baýyrǵa jaý bolǵandyǵy anyqtalatyn. «Qupiia shejire» avtorynyń oqiǵa sebebin tuspaldap qana ótetindigi de sondyqtan. Búgingi urpaqqa toǵyz ǵasyr buryn júz bergen bulyńǵyr oqiǵa astarynan shyndyqty shyjymdap shyǵarýǵa qyraǵy oi kózi kerek. Iá, iá, bizge tarihty qaita oqýǵa týra kelmek. Bálkim, biraz jaittardy jańasha baǵalaýymyz da kerek shyǵar.
Keshe ǵana dúnieden ótken Qaltai Muhamedjanov aǵamyz «Shyńǵyshan jaily jazýǵa shama-sharqym jetpedi» dep ókinedi. Bolmasa ol jaily derekterdi ǵumyr boiy jinap-aq baqqan ǵoi. Sondai-aq, Beibarys babamyzdy somdaǵan has talant Nurmahan Jantórinniń de sahnaǵa alyp shyqsam dep ǵumyr boiy ańsaǵan obrazy Shyńǵyshan bolǵany belgili. Kezdeisoqtyq pa? Joq, olai bolmasa kerek. Shyńǵyshannyń jan dúniesi kúrdeli rýhani zor tulǵa bolǵandyǵyn ańlaǵandyqtarynan bolar.
Iá, Batys oqyrmanyn oiynan shyǵamyn dep Uly dalanyń uly tarihyn qurbandyqqa shalýǵa bolmaidy. Shahanov romanyn oqyp otyryp eriksiz osyndai oiǵa qalasyń. Degenmen, tarihty bylai qoia turyp, jeke tulǵa týraly sóilegen jón bolatyn shyǵar. Mysaly, Shahanov óz romanynda jary Bórteni oi-muraty jaǵynan Shyńǵyshanǵa qarsy adam retinde sipattaidy. Biraq Shahanov Bórte anamyzdy uly qosaǵyna qarsy qanshama arandatqysy kelgenimen, tarihi Temirshin-Shyńǵyshannyń adamdyq qasietteri jaǵynan Shahanovtyq ádebi psevdo – Shyńǵyshannan báribir joǵary turatyndyǵyn, Bórtemen arasynda tolyq túsinistik bolǵandyǵyn da umytpaǵan jón.
«Qupiia shejire» otaý qurǵandarynyń ekinshi jyly Temirshinnen Bórteni merkitterdiń tartyp alyp ketetindigi týraly baiandaidy. Bozbala Temirshinniń atqa qonyp alǵashqy nartáýekel iske bel bailaityny da osy tus.
Ókil ákesi kereit Tuǵyryl han men andasy Jamýhaǵa qolqa salyp, ásker jinap, qol bastap maidanǵa kirip jaryn merkitterden qaitaryp alýy bozbala Temirshinniń ataqty Shyńǵyshanǵa ainalýynyń alǵashqy qadamy edi. Bul oqiǵany Gýmilev «Dalalyq shaǵyn Troia soǵysy» dep asqaqtata baǵalaityny bar. «Qupiia shejire» avtory osy bir tustaǵy Shyńǵyshannyń kóńil kúiin mynandai sózder arqyly jetkizedi.
Jaý merkitter álek sap,
Jaralady janymdy.
Japa etti jarymdy,
Asyl tutar arymdy.
Menińshe, baǵasy armen ólshengen Dala áieline (jalpy áiel zatyna – Á.B.) budan artyq qurmet kerek emes sekildi.
Ras, «Qupiia shejire» avtory názik bosańsýlarǵa qarsy.
Sóz saptasyna sentimentaldyq tipten jat. Lev Gýmilevtiń avtor aqsúiek jaýynger bolsa kerek dep topshylaitynyndai-aq bar. Biraq osy bir belgisiz Aqtamberdi bálkim Shalkiizdiń ózi Temirshinniń merkit qolyna túsip qalǵan Bórtege degen jan shyrqyratar sezimine kelgende álsizdik tanytyp alady: «Merkitter úrkip, túni boiy Seleńgini quldai qashqanda, áskerler artynan qýa soǵyp, jailaidy. Temirshin qashqan elderdiń ishinen «Bórte, Bórte!» dep aiqailap izdegende, úrkip bara jatqan eldiń ishindegi Bórte újin Temirshindi daýsynan tanyp, keiqýat kempir ekeýi kúimeden túse júgirip, Temirshinniń shylbyryna orala ketedi. Aidyń jaryǵymen tanyǵan Temirshin ony qushaqtap aimalaidy» («Mońǵoldyń qupiia shejiresi» – 110 b). Iá, Dala jyraýy Temirshin men Bórteniń arasyndaǵy sezim týraly bizden jaqsy bilgen. Sezimdi jyrlaýǵa kelgende álsizdik tanytatyny da sondyqtan. Kim biledi, bálkim, onyń baǵyna Bórte apamyzdyń qolynan bir kese qymyz ishý baqyty da buiyrǵan bolar-aý.
Sóz sóz, biraq bizdiń de artyqbas qiialdanýǵa qaqymyz joq. Búgingi adamzattyń amalsyz bolsa da ózgemen tósektes bolǵan áiel zatyna kózqarasy qandai bolatynyn qaidam, al Temirshinniń Bórte anamyzǵa solai bolyp qalǵan eken-aý dep bir mezet te kóz alartpaǵandyǵy anyq. Qaita osy bir tustyń rýhani-moraldyq bar aýyrtpalyǵyn óz moinyna alǵan sekildi. Merkitten dúniege kelýi múmkin Joshysyna da qyryn qaraǵan joq. Búkil murasyn osy Bórte báibishesinen týǵan tórt ulyna mura etetindigin sol uly mahabbattyń jańǵyryǵy dep túsinsek jón. Otbasy men jarǵa adaldyq qasieti jaǵynan kelgende Shyńǵyshan babamyz araǵa on ǵasyrdai ýaqyt salyp barypt ta bizge úlgi bolyp qala bermek. Bar aitarymyz, búgingi urpaqtyń Napoleon men Jozefina, Tsezar men Kleopatranyń mahabbatyn ǵana emes, Shyńǵyshan men Bórteniń súiispenshiligin de bilip óskeni jón.
Endi Shahanov áńgimeleitin taǵy bir tarihi tulǵaǵa toqtalaiyq. Ol Otyrardyń bileýshisi ataqty Qaiyrhan. Marqum tarihshy Serjan Musataiuly Aqynjanov «Qazaqstannyń orta ǵasyrlyq tarihyndaǵy qypshaqtar» kitabynda shejireshi Jýjanidan mynandai mysal keltiredi: «615 (1216) jyly… Horezm shahy Muhamed Iemekten shyqqan Iakaftannyń uly túrkistandyq Qadyrhannyń elin oirandaýǵa attandy». Iá, iá, Horezm shahy basqa emes, Shahanov tamsana sýretteitin dál Qadyrhan-Inalshyq Qaiyrhannyń elin oirandaýǵa attanyp otyr. Biraq nege ekeni belgisiz, arada taǵy bir-eki jyl ótkende osy Qaiyrhan ózine keshe ǵana teperish kórsetken Horezm shahyna adaldyǵyn tanytý maqsatynda túrki-mońǵoldyń kerýenin tas-talqan etip qyryp salady. Osylaisha, Otyrardyń túrki-mońǵoldyń qaiqy qylyshynyń astyna túsýine sebepshi bolady. Keshegi dala jaýyngeri nelikten bulai jaza basty, oǵan dál jaýap joq, biraq boljamdar jasaýǵa bolady. Áitse de bizge dál qazir ol boljamdardyń qajeti qansha. Bar bolǵany qyzylbas parsyǵa táýeldi Inalshyq Qaiyrhannyń óz baýyrlaryna qylysh kótergendigin aitsaq ta jetkilikti. Iá, iá, óz baýyrlaryna qylysh kótergendigin. Basqashalai baǵa berý múmkin emes. Bulai deitinimiz, resmi tarih HI-HII ǵasyrlarda Syr men Jetisýda azǵantai mólsherde bolsa da jartylai mońǵol tildes ulystardyń bolǵandyǵyn joqqa shyǵarmaidy. Iá, iá, ol kezdegi mońǵol men qypshaq aýdarmashysyz-aq erkin túsinise alǵan. Bizge osy mońǵol men túrkiniń ǵunnan baryp qosylatyndyǵyn da umytpaǵan jón-aý. Al bala Temirshinniń ol tarihtan da habary bar bolsa she. Jalpy, Temirshinniń dalalyq aýyz ádebieti týdyrǵan qandai epostardy tyńdap ósýi múmkin? Ol epostardyń mazmuny qandai edi? Dál sol kezderi ótkennen syr shertetin tarihy myń jyldyq «Manas» ispetti dastandar bolmady ma eken? Amal qansha, biz bul saýaldarǵa jaýap bere almaimyz. Biraq Aqynjanov áńgime qylatyn uranqai taipasy men Temirshinniń arǵy atasy Bodanshar shaýyp alyp bodan qylatyn uranqailar arasynda parallel izdenister júrgizýge bolatyn sekildi. Osy arada H-HI ǵasyrlardaǵy Uly Dala tarihyndaǵy kúńgirtteý tustarǵa sáýle túsire alsaq, Shyńǵyshandy jaýlaýshy emes, ata-baba mekeniniń tutastyǵyn qaita qalpyna keltirýshi retinde de nasihattaý múmkindigi bar ekendigi ańǵarylmaq.
Iá, Shyńǵyshan jaýgershiligi artyna Resei men Qytai ispetti eki uly memleketti mura etip qaldyrdy. Búgingi Qazaqstan alyp jatqan territoriia da sol Shyńǵyshannan qalǵan miras. Nemeresi Qubylai hannyń tusynda Soltústik pen Ońtústik bolyp qyrqysyp jatqan Qytaidyń basyn biriktirý múmkindigi týdy. Keiingi Resei bolsa Temirshin qurǵan imperiianyń tikelei murageri bolyp qaldy. Sondai-aq, búgingi orystyń óziniń batystaǵy slavian baýyrlarynan góri túrkilerge jaqyndaý ekendigin ǵylymi zertteýler de joqqa shyǵarmaidy. (Erenjen Hara-Davan. «Chingishan kak polkovodets i ego naslediia», 1992, str 252.) Jaýlap barǵan jerindegi halyqtyń dini senimine qiianat jasamaý da uly Shyńǵyshannan qalǵan ónege. Tipti, onyń urpaqtarynyń pravoslavie shirkeýlerin salyqtan bosatqandyǵy jaily da derekter bar. Orys jylnamashylary Shyńǵyshan urpaqtarynyń biri bir kniazdikten túsken salyqty túgelimen derlik shirkeý qoryna aýdartqany týraly jazady. Túrki tili orys kniazderiniń saraiynda bertinge deiin keń qoldanysta bolǵandyǵyn da umytpaǵan jón. (G.V.Vernadskii «Mongoly i Rýs», 1997, str 390). Al Pýshkinniń ózi keiipkerine ainaldyrǵan Boris Godýnovty taza túrki edi desek kim sener. Kompas, qaǵaz, optika sekildi órkeniet úlgileriniń Batysqa Shyńǵyshan joryǵy arqyly jetkendigi de el biletin shyndyq. Adamzat tarihyn jańa biikterge kótergen osyndai uly isterdiń bastaýynda turǵan Shyńǵyshannyń qolbasshylyq qabileti týraly áńgime óz aldyna bir bólek. Memlekettik qairatker retinde de uzaǵynan áńgimeleýge bolady.
Bizdiń eń basty aitqymyz kelgeni, tarihi Shyńǵyshannyń Shahanov romanyndaǵy ádebi keiipkerden tipti basqa ekendigi. Shahanov Iýnii Iývenaldyń «Eshbir qatygez jan baqytty bola almaq emes» degen sózin keltire otyryp, Shyńǵyshandy adami baqyttan quralaqan ozbyr retinde sýretteidi. Al biz biletin Shyńǵyshan týraly frantsýz halqynyń uly perzenti Napoleonnyń «Men Shyńǵyshandai baqytty bola almadym» degen moiyndaý sózi bar. Shyńǵyshandai uly tulǵaǵa budan artyq qandai moiyndaý qajet!
2001 jyl.
Ámirhan Balqybek
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