Godfrei Lias atty aǵylshyn diplomaty jáne jýrnalisti 1956 jyly Londonda basylyp shyqqan “Kazakh Exodus” iaǵnyi “Qazaq bosýy” atty kitabynda Ospan batyrdy jastaiynan soǵys óneri men taktikasyna Bóke batyrdyń baýlyǵanyn keltiredi.
Kitapta Ospan batyr týraly jan jaqty málimet beriledi. Bul kitapty Ospan batyr týraly shetelderde kólemdi málimet bergen alǵashqy eńbek dep aitýǵa bolady. Onda sonymen qatar Túrkiialyq kósh jetekshileri Qalibek ákim, Hamza Shómishbaiuly, Sultan Shárip Táiji, Qusaiyn Táiji týraly kóptegen málimetter keltiriledi.
Ospan batyrdy esimin alǵash ret Túrkiia qazaqtarynan estip bilgenin aita kelip Godfrei Lias Ospan batyrdyń Túrkiianyń Qaisary qalasyna ornalasqan Qusaiyn Táiji aýlyna barǵanda aqyn Qaramolla Seiithanulynyń áńgimelep bergenin málimdeidi. Qaramollanyń osy kezdesýden az aldyn ǵana Ospan batyr jaiynda bir dastan jazyp shyqqanyn atap ótedi. Osy dastandy magnetofonǵa da jazyp alǵan avtor Ospan batyr sháiit bolǵanyna jańa ǵana bes jyl tolsa da ol týraly ańyz-áńgime shejirelerdiń bul qazaqtar arasynda aityla bastaǵanyn keltiredi.
1987 jyly Túrkiianyń Ystambul qalasynda qaitys bolǵan Qaramollanyń otbasyna habarlasyp osy dastandy suradyq. Ókinishke orai, Qaramollanyń úlken uly Sultan ol dastan qol jazbanyń bolǵanyn, biraq 1990 jyly Barkólden kelgen naǵashysynyń qadala surap ony kitap qyp Úrimshide shyǵaratynyn aityp alyp ketkenin aitty.
Godfrei 1956 jyly basylyp shyqqan eńbeginde Ospan batyrdyń balalyq shaǵynan tutqynǵa túsken 1951 aqpan aiyna deiingi ómiri men kúresin jan jaqty baiandaidy. Árine kitap ol kezdiń, iaǵni budan 60 jyldan asa ýaqyt aldyńǵy málimetteri turǵysynan alyp qaraǵanda qundy kitap. Al bugingi málimetter turǵysynan onda bir qatar kemshilikter men qatelikterdiń bolǵany baiqalady.
Máselen avtor, Ospan batyrdy jastaiynan soǵys óneri men taktikasyna Bóke batyrdyń baýlyǵanyn keltiredi. Onyń bul pikirin túrik zertteýshileri arasynda da taraǵan. Óitkeni bul kitap 1960 jyldary Túrik tiline aýdarylyp basylady. Sol sebepten túrik ǵalymdary arasynda Ospan batyrdyń soǵys ónerin Bóke batyrdan úirengeni jaiynda uǵym qalyptasqan. Bizdińshe bul múmkin emes, óitkeni Bóke batyr Tibette 1904 jyly ystan qaitys bolǵanda Ospan batyr nebary bes-aq jasta edi. Bul jastaǵy balanyń soǵys ónerin úirene almasy anyq. Sondyqtan qazaq tilin bilmeitin kitap avtorynyń Bóke batyr men Zýqa batyrdy shatastyrǵan bolýy kerek. Óitkeni eki esim aitylý turǵysynan uqsas keledi. Eki batyr arasyndaǵy bailanystardy qarastyrǵanymyzda oiymyzdyń negizsiz emes ekenin baiqadyq.
Qolda bar málimetter Ospan batyrdy soǵysqa úiretken, nemese batyrlyq tulǵasyna eligip ósken kóterilisshiniń Zýqa batyr bolýynyń ábden yqtimal ekenin kórsetedi. Óitkeni olar 1929 jyly qytailar ailakerlikpen qolǵa túsirip sháiit etken Zýqa batyr men Ospan batyr arasynda bailanys bolǵanyn aiǵaqtaidy. Bai-manaptar men óktem ákimderden alyp kedeiler men jetim-jesirlerge úlestirip bergen, sondyqtan qazaqtyń Robin Gýdy dep ataýǵa bolatyn Zýqa batyrdyń jas kezinen Ospannyń tegin jigit emes, keiin úlken batyr bolatynyn boljaǵany jóninde de derekter barshylyq.
Sonymen birge Zýqa batyr Ospan batyr aýylymen qudandaly bolyp keledi. Zýqa batyrdyń Ospan batyrdyń rýy molqydan bes kelin túsirgen. Tipti bireýi, atap aitqanda tórtinshi uly jáne búginderi Almatyda Raiymbek aýlynda turatyn Arslan Tosyn aǵamyzdyń ákesi Shádetke quda túsken kelini Saliha Ospan batyrǵa nemereles bolyp keledi. Sondyqtan, Zýqa nemeresi Pazila Sultansháripqyzy Janaltaidyń bizge bergen málimetine qaraǵanda, Ospan batyr Saliha apaiyna baryp kelip Zýqa aýylymen aralasyp júredi eken. Ásirese Shádet baldyzym dep Ospanmen ázildesip kúresip júredi eken.
Bir kúni Zýqa batyr Kóktoǵai Kúrede tary torbalap jatqanda jas Ospandy kóredi. Onyń myqtylyǵyn uly Shádetten estip júrgen Zýqa batyr ony synaý maqsatynda bir dorba taryny arqasyna salýdy suraidy. Sonda 100 kg taryny Ospan batyr kótergen eken. Muny kórgen Zýqa bul jigit tegin emes, keiin úlken batyr bolady degen. Osydan keiin arada bir neshe jyl ótkennen keiin Zýqanyń jigitteri Ospan aýylynyń jylqylaryn alyp ketedi. Ospan arttarynan qýyp jetip Zýqanyn úsh – tórt jigitin jyǵyp jylqylardy alyp qalady. Muny estigen Zýqa batyr burynǵy aitqan sózin eske alyp “Men sizderge baiaǵyda aityp edim, bul myqty jigit bolady dep. Ony shaqyryńdar” dep shaqyrtyp shai beredi. Shaidan soń Ospanǵa batasyn bergen Zýqa aýyl adamdaryna “bul jigitti qurmettep júrińder” depti.
Zýqa batyrdyn Almatyda turatyn taǵy bir nemeresi Arslan Shádetuly Tosunmen áńgimeleskenimizde Ospan batyr men Zýqa batyr arasyndaǵy qatnastar týraly málimetter aityp berdi. Zýqa 1929 jyly ustalyp sháiit etilgennen keiin Sultan Shárip bastaǵan Zýqa urpaqtary Shynqai jaqqa aýyp ketip qalady. Arada on bes jyldai ýaqyt ótkennen keiin, atap aitqanda 1946 jyly Ospan batyr Altaiǵa ýáli bolǵanda olarǵa hat jiberip “Qaityńdar el tynyshtaldy” dep Altaiǵa shaqyrady. Sultan Shárip muny habar alady, biraq ózderiń shaqyrǵan Ospannyń qai Ospan ekenin bilmeidi. Sonda jezdesi Shádet “Bul taq meniń baldyzym Ospan bolý kerek” dep qasyna úsh jigit ertip Altaiǵa attanady. Bular Ospan aýylyna jaqyndaǵanda, Ospan bir tóbede otyr eken. Alystan úsh – tórt atty kisiniń qarasy kóringende “Aldynda kele jatqan Zýqanyń tórtinshi uly Shóden bolýy kerek” deidi. Adam jaqyndaǵanda rasynda aldaǵy kisi Shádet bolyp shyǵady. Sonda qasyndaǵylar “Onyń Shádet ekenin sonaý alystan qaityp bilip qoidyńyz?” dep suraǵanda Ospan: “Óitkeni ol meniń jaqyn jezdem, atqa mingende bir aiaǵyn aldyna salyp otyrady.” degen.Sóitip 15 jyldan keiin jezdesin qarasynan tanyp qoiǵan eken. Ospan olarǵa bes atar myltyq, at berip eline qaitarady.
Sonymen qoryta aitqanda, aǵylshyn diplomaty jáne jýrnalisti Godfrei Liastyń 1956 jyly Londonda basylyp shyqqan “Kazakh Exodus” atty kitabynda aitqanyndai, Ospan batyrdy jastaiynan soǵys óneri men taktikasyna baýlyǵan Bóke batyr emes, Zýqa batyr. Joǵaryda biz aitqan faktilerdi eske alatyn bolsaq, Zýqa batyr, Ospan batyrǵa bálkim ádeii soǵys óneri týraly tálim-tárbie bermegen bolýy da múmkin. Biraq, Ospan batyrdyń jastaiynan Zýqa batyrdan bata alǵany jáne oǵan eliktep ózine úlgi (rol model) etip óskeni aqiqat. Sondyqtan 1940 jyly búkil halyq qarýlaryn tapsyryp Shyń Shy Saiǵa berilip jatqanda, ol qarýyn alyp ózi jeke dara da bolsa múdirmei taýǵa shyǵyp kúreske bekinip otyr. Mine sondyqtan biyl onnan asa memlekette 150 jyldyǵy toilanyp jatqan Zýqa batyr tek halqyn zorlyq-zombylyqtan, ádiletsizdikten qorǵaǵan myqty batyr emes, sonymen qatar batystyq tarihshylar “qazaqtyń altyn anyzy” dep joǵary baǵa bergen Ospan batyrǵa soǵys ónerin úiretken nemese oǵan halqynyń ulttyq múddelerin qorǵaý jolynda kúreske umtylýynda úlgi bolǵan uly tulǵa da. Jany jannatta bolsyn!
Ábdiýaqap Qara
Mimar Sinan Kórkem Óner Ýniversitetiniń professory, tarih ǵylymynyń doktory
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