Shahtadaǵy apattyń eń qorqynyshtysy – adamnyń jerdiń ondaǵan, keide júzdegen metr astynda qalyp qoiýy. Jer ústinde bolǵan oqiǵadan aiyrmashylyǵy, munda qutqarýshylarǵa jetýdiń ózi úlken synaq. Bir jerde tóbe opyrylyp, joldy tas pen kómir basyp qalsa, endi birinde jarylystan keiin ýly gaz taraidy. Keide shahtaǵa sý kirip, adamdar shyǵatyn joldy jaýyp qalady.
HIH–HH ǵasyrlarda mundai apattar álemniń kóptegen elinde myńdaǵan adamnyń ómirin qidy. Keibir kenshiler birden qaza tapsa, endi bir bóligi jarylystan aman qalǵanymen, jer astynda gazdan ýlanyp, tútinge tunshyǵyp nemese opyrylǵan tonnelderdiń astynda qalyp kóz jumǵan. Tómende álem tarihyndaǵy adam ólimi eń kóp bolǵan shahta apattarynyń birnesheýi berilgen, dep habarlaidy ult.kz.
Frantsiia: bir kúnde 1099 kenshi qaza tapqan apat
1906 jylǵy Kýrer shahta apaty Eýropa tarihyndaǵy eń iri taý-ken apattarynyń biri sanalady. Oqiǵa Frantsiianyń soltústigindegi Pas-de-Kale óńirinde bolǵan.
1906 jylǵy 10 naýryzda shahtada kómir shańynyń jarylysy oryn alyp, jer astyndaǵy birneshe shahta bóligi birinen soń biri apatqa ushyrady. Sol kezde jer astynda shamamen 1700 adam bolǵan. 1099 kenshi qaza tapty. Bul – Frantsiiadaǵy eń aýyr taý-ken apattarynyń biri.
Apatqa deiin shahtada birneshe kún buryn órt shyqqan. Ony toqtatý úshin shahtadaǵy aýa joldaryn jabýǵa áreket jasalǵan. Alaida 10 naýryz kúni tańerteń bolǵan jarylys jaǵdaidy kúrt ýshyqtyrdy.
Jarylystyń kúshi sonshalyq, shahtadaǵy kótergish qurylǵylarǵa deiin zaqym kelgen. Keibir kenshiler birden kóz jumsa, basqalary jer astynda qalǵan.
Qaiǵyly oqiǵadan keiin shahta mańyndaǵy eldi mekenderde qaraly kórinis qalyptasty. Jaqyn mańdaǵy Merikýr, Salomen jáne Billi-Montini aýyldarynyń júzdegen turǵyny týystarynan aiyryldy. Frantsiianyń Pas-de-Kale muraǵattarynda apattan keiingi jerleý rásimderiniń tarihi sýretteri búginge deiin saqtalǵan.
Qytai: shahta ishindegi eń iri qyrǵyndardyń biri
1942 jylǵy Bensihý shahta apaty adam ólimi boiynsha álemdegi eń aýyr taý-ken apattarynyń biri boldy.
Oqiǵa 26 sáýirde qazirgi Qytaidyń Liaonin provintsiiasyndaǵy Bensihý kómir shahtasynda boldy. Apat kezinde shahtada myńdaǵan jumysshy bolǵan. Kómir shańy men gazdyń áserinen jerasty bóliginde órt pen jarylys taraǵan.
Resmi derekter boiynsha, 1549 adam qaza tapqan. Bul kórsetkish Bensihý apatyn shahta tarihyndaǵy eń kóp adam qaza tapqan apattardyń birine ainaldyrdy.
Apattyń qaiǵyly tusy – shahtadaǵy adamdardyń barlyǵy birdei jarylystan birden kóz jumbaǵan. Jer astynda ýly gazdyń taralýy jaǵdaidy odan ári aýyrlatqan.
Kei derekterde shahtadaǵy órtti toqtatý úshin jeldetý júiesin toqtatyp, shahtany oqshaýlaýǵa áreket jasalǵany aitylady. Biraq bul áreket jer astynda qalǵan adamdar úshin jaǵdaidy odan saiyn qaýipti etken.
Bul apattyń qurbandarynyń basym bóligi – qarapaiym kenshiler. Olardyń kópshiligi otbasy úshin nápaqa tabý maqsatynda jer astyna túsken jumysshylar edi.
AQSh: bir shahtaǵa túsken júzdegen adam qaita oralmady
1907 jylǵy Mononga shahta apaty AQSh tarihyndaǵy eń aýyr taý-ken apaty retinde AQSh Eńbek ministrligi tarapynan atalady.
Oqiǵa 1907 jylǵy 6 jeltoqsanda Batys Virdjiniia shtatyndaǵy Mononga qalasynda boldy. Fairmont Coal kompaniiasyna tiesili №6 jáne №8 shahtalarynda jerasty jarylysy bolǵan. 362 er adam men bala qaza tapty.
Jarylys shahtanyń jerasty bóligin qiratyp, kireberisterge de úlken zaqym keltirgen.
Qutqarýshylar shahtaǵa túsken kezde jaǵdai óte aýyr edi. Jarylystan keiin ýly gazdar taraǵan. Keibir jumysshylar birden kóz jumsa, taǵy bir bóligi gazdan ýlanyp nemese tunshyǵyp qaitys bolǵan.
Eń aýyr jaittardyń biri – shahtada resmi tirkelgen jumysshylardan bólek, jasóspirimder men týystarynyń da bolǵany. Sondyqtan apattan keiin naqty qansha adamnyń jer astynda qalǵanyn anyqtaý qiynǵa soqqan. AQSh-tyń eńbek qaýipsizdigi jónindegi tarihi materialdarynda 362 adamnyń máiiti shyǵarylǵany kórsetiledi.
Bul tragediia AQSh-taǵy shahta qaýipsizdigine degen kózqarastyń ózgerýine áser etti. Apattan keiin shahtalardaǵy qaýipsizdik máselesi ulttyq deńgeide kóbirek talqylanyp, 1910 jyly AQSh-tyń Taý-ken biýrosynyń qurylýyna yqpal etken faktorlardyń biri boldy.
Al Chilidegi 33 kenshi qalai aman qaldy?
Shahta apattarynyń barlyǵy ólimmen aiaqtalǵan joq. Sonyń eń belgili mysaly – 2010 jylǵy Chilidegi San-Hose shahtasy.
2010 jylǵy 5 tamyzda shahtada opyrylý bolyp, 33 kenshi jerdiń shamamen 700 metr tereńdiginde qamalyp qaldy. Olar shahta kireberisinen shamamen 5 shaqyrym qashyqta bolǵan.
Alǵashqy kezde syrttaǵy adamdar olardyń tiri ekenin bilmegen. Birneshe kún boiy qutqarýshylar kenshilerdi izdedi. Keiin arnaiy burǵylaý arqyly olardyń ornalasqan jeri anyqtaldy.
Kenshiler jer astynda 69 kún boldy.
Arnaiy kapsýla arqyly olardyń barlyǵy birtindep jer betine shyǵaryldy. Bul oqiǵa álem boiynsha tikelei efirde kórsetilip, taý-ken tarihyndaǵy eń iri qutqarý operatsiialarynyń birine ainaldy.
Bul jaǵdaidyń basty ereksheligi – kenshilerdiń birden qutqarylmaǵanymen, tiri qalýy. Olar jerasty keńistiginde ózara tártip ornatyp, tamaq pen sýdy únemdep, qutqarýshylarmen bailanys ornatqan.
