QHR Prezidenti Shi Jinpiń (qazaqsha osylai jazylatyn atty oryssha Si Tsznpin dep jazǵandarǵa tań qalmaý múmkin emes) 2013 jyldy Astana sapary kezinde Aziia men Eýropa arasyndaǵy tarihi saýda joly “Jibek jolyn” jańǵyrtý jónindegi “bir beldeý – bir jol” jobasyn álemge pash etken edi. Qytaimen Ortalyq Aziia, Resei, Eýropa men Afrikany bailanystyratyn bul joba 60 memleketti, 4,5 milliard adamdy qamtýda. Osy elderdiń jalpy ekonamikalyq áleýeti 21 trillion dollar kóleminde.
Keibir mamandar 21 ǵasyrdyń eń iri damý jobasy dep joǵary baǵalaǵan bul ideia burynǵy jibek joly boiyndaǵy búkil elderdi eleń etkizdi. Osy oraida Qazaqstan Prezidenti Nursultan Nazarbaev tarapynan da qoldaý tapqany barshaǵa belgili.
Alaida Qytaidaǵy qazaqtardyń tiline, dinine tipti atamekenmen bailanystaryna qysym jasalyp jatqany jóninde sońǵy ýaqyttary jiilep ketken habarlar bul joba týraly tolqý-tebrenisterdi sý sepkendei sóndirip jatqan syńaily. Mundai aqparattar Shi Jinpińniń saiasaty “bir beldeý - bir jol” emes, “ózge ulttardy beldep basyp joiý saiasaty ma?” degen kúdikterdi týǵyza bastady. Óziniń strateialyq áriptesi jáne “bir beldeý - bir jol” jobasynyń eń mańyzdy seriktesi Qazaqstanmen bailanys ornatqan óziniń etnikalyq qazaq azamattaryna jeńildik kórsetip qoldaýdyń ornyna qysym jasap kedergilik keltirip otyrǵany aitylýda. Tipti gazetter Qazaqstanǵa kóship kelgen Qytai qazaqtarynyń sol elde qalǵan tanys-týystarynyń jáne Qazaqstan azamattyǵyn alyp qaita barǵan etnikalyq qazaqtardyń “saiasi tárbie” naýqanynan qysym kórip, “qamaýǵa alynyp jatqanyn” alǵa tartýda.
Sonymen qatar 4 qala, 24 aýdan 150-ge tarta aýyly bar Ile Qazaq avtonomiialy oblysyndaǵy 1 mln 600 myń qazaqqa 2000 jylǵa deiin erekshe qurmetpen qaraityn Qytai úkimetinin sońǵy jyldary tyrnaǵyn batyryp dininen bezdirip, tilinen aiyryp qytailandyrýǵa kúsh jumsaǵany atalyp ótilýde. Atap aitqanda, ondaǵy 1000-ǵa tarta qazaq tildi mektep jabylyp qytai tildi mektepterge qosylǵan. Joǵary oqý bitirigen qazaqtyń ul men qyzdaryna jumys týǵan qalalarynda emes, qytailandyrýǵa jaǵdai jasaý úshin Qytaidyń ishki qalalarynda usynylýda. Olardyń etnikalyq qytailarmen úilenýine de ynǵaily jaǵdai jasalýda. Sonymen birge Qazaqtardyń musylmanshylyq ǵibadattaryn oryndaýyna da tiym-shekter kún saiyn qataitylýda ekeni alǵa tartylýda. Musylmanshylyqtyń negizgi paryzdary namaz oqýǵa, oraza ustaýǵa, meshitke barýǵa tyiym salynyp jatyr eken. Tipti, 19 jastaǵy bir stýdent qyzdyń uialy telefonynan Quran tabylǵany úshin tutqyndalǵany aityldy.
Qytai jergilikti basqarý oryndary osyndai óreskel sharalaryna lańkestik pen dini ásireshildikke qarsy kúresti jeleý etýde. Ras, osyndai kúresti tek Qytai emes, búkil álem elderi, tipti musylman elderi de júrgizip jatyr. Biraq onyń joly búkildei musylmandyq ǵibadattarǵa tiym salý emes. Dini ásireshildik pen qarapaiym adamnyń dástúrli musylmanshylyǵyn aiyra bilý kerek. Eger Qytaida muny ajyrata alatyn mamandar joq bolsa, onda musylman elderden kómek suraýy qajet. Áitpese bul qazaqtardy qasaqana dininen bezdirý sharasy retinde Qazaqstanda da, ózge musylman elderinde de teris baǵalanbaq. Sonda bul jalpy halyq sany 1,5 milliiarttan asatyn álem musylmandarynyń da, din bostandyǵyn adami qaq-quqyqtardan sanaityn ózge halyqtardyń da narazalyǵyn týdyrmai qoimaidy.
Qytai úkimetiniń zamanymyzdan burynǵy 2-3 ǵasyrlardan bastalyp zamanymyzdyń 16-17 ǵasyrlaryna deiin jalǵasqan tarihi jibek jolynyń tek taýar almasýyn qamtamasyz etýden ǵana emes, sonymen qatar rýhani qajettilikten de týyndaǵanyn eskergeni jón. Burynǵy jibek joly Shyǵys órkenietiniń Batysqa, Batys órkenietiniń Shyǵysqa taralýyna múmkindik berip adamzattyń búgingi damý deńgeiine jetýine negiz bolǵan. Álem halyqtary ártúrli dini, ádebi, mádeni jáne saiasi oilaryn erkin almasyp ǵylym men mádeniette úlken jetistikterge qol jetkizgen.
Negizinde saýda-sattyq erkindikti súiedi. Erkindik, senim jáne ádilettilik bolmaǵan jerde damý da bolmaidy, sharýashylyq ta gúldenbeidi. Búgin álemniń birinshi oryndaǵy ekonomikalyq eli AQSh sońǵy ýaqyttarǵa deiin erkindikter jáne múmkinshilikter eli degen ataqqa ie bolyp kelgen edi. Endi onyń ornyna birinshi el bolýdy armandap otyrǵan Qytai eli ras ekonomikalyq turǵydan odan ozý áleýeti bolǵanymen rýhani jáne mádeni jaqtan odan áldeqaida artta turǵany baiqalyp otyr. Qustyń eki qanaty bolǵanyndai, tarihi jibek jolynyń da materialdyq jáne rýhani eki qanatymen derlik eki myń jyl adamzat igiligine qyzmet istegenin eskerip Qytai úkimetiniń adami qundylyqtardy kúsheitýge mán bergeni durys bolar edi. Áitpese onyń “bir beldeý - bir jol” atty jobasynyn kózdegen maqsatqa jetpei sátsizdikke ushyraýy ǵajap emes.
Qoryta aitqanda, búgingi tehnika men ǵylymnyń damýdyń sharyqtaý shegine jetken jahandaný kezinde eshbir el ózindegi azshylyqta qalyp otyrǵan ulttardyn tilin, dinin jáne mádenietin jabaiy óktem joldarmen joia almaidy. Qytai da qansha qysym jasasa da, ózindegi etnikalyq qazaqtardy ulttyq bolmysynan ajyrata almaq emes. Qaita óziniń bes myń jyldyq tarihynda alǵash ret jahandyq bir jobaǵa jetekshilik etýine múmkindik bergen “bir beldeý - bir jol” bastamasynyń sátsizdikke ushyrap, quldyrýyna sebep bolady. Sondyqtan ózindegi uiǵyr, qazaq, dúngen syndy musylman jáne ózge azshylyqtardyń adami qaq-quqyqtaryn qurmetteýi sol azshylyqtardan kóri eń aldymen ol jobanyń baiandy keleshegi úshin Qytaiǵa qajet.
Ábdiýaqap Qara
Tarih ǵylymynyń doktory, Mimar Sinan kórkem óner ýniversitetiniń professory
