Tarihyn bilmegen ulttyń bolashaǵy bulyńǵyr
“Bir halyq óziniń tarihyn bilmese, bir el óziniń tarihyn joǵaltsa, onyń artynsha ózi de joǵalýǵa yńǵaily bolyp turady. Dúnie de óńge jurttar qatarynda kim qor bolmaiyn, tuqymym quryp qalmasyn degen halyq óziniń shejiresin imani dərejesinde uǵyp bilýge tiis”. Bul sózderdi halqyna Alashtyń ardaqtysy Álihan Bókeihanuly zamanynda aityp ketken edi.
Kez kelgen ult úshin tarihyn túgendeý tek ózin tanyp-bilý ǵana emes, laiyqty urpaq tárbieleý turǵysynan asqan jaýapkershilikti qajet etedi. Ótkenniń ashyly-tushyly oqiǵalarynan sabaq alý keleshektegi qatelikten de saqtandyrady. HH ǵasyrda Qazaqtyń basyna túsken, sondaǵysy qyr-syry áli de tolyǵymen ashylmaǵan náýbet qýǵyn-súrgin jáne asharshylyqpen bailanysty. Táýelsizdik jyldary oryn alǵan zulmatty jan-jaqty zerttep, oǵan laiyqty baǵasyn berý ult retinde tolysýymyzdyń mańyzdy alǵysharty. Nursultan Nazarbaev bylai dep jazdy: “Orasan shyǵynǵa ushyraǵanyna qaramastan, bizdiń halqymyz óziniń biregei ulttyq bolmysy men asyl qasietterin saqtap qaldy. Qatygezdikke boi aldyrǵan joq, san ǵasyrlyq danalyǵyn da joǵaltpady. Biraq elimiz basynan ótken osynaý sumdyq synaqtardy eshqashan umytpaidy”.
Ras, bolshevikterdiń ókteminen KSRO-nyń basqa da halyqtary, onyń ishinde orystardyń ózi japa shekti. Qýǵyn-súrginniń qataldyǵy: bir adam tutqyndalsa, onda onyń barlyq otbasy budan zardap shekti. Jubailary “satqyndardyń áieli” degen aiyp taǵylyp lagerge qamaldy, balalary jetimder úiine taǵatyldy. Qanshama otbasynyń osylaisha toz-tozy shyǵyp ata-anasy balasynan, aǵasy qaryndasynan airyldy. Keńes Odaǵy aýmaǵynda birneshe áielder lageri boldy, bundai jaýyzdyq Gitlerdiń de oiyna kirgen joq. Qazaqstanda ornalasqan ALJIR (Akmolinskii lager dlia jen izmennikov rodiny) atty sondai bir kontslagerden ǵana 18 myńdai áiel ótti.
Alaida ulttyq quramynyń jartysyna derligi qyrylǵan Qazaqtai zorlyqqa tarihta bir-de bir el ushyraǵan joq shyǵar. Máselen, Keńes odaǵynyń quramynda bolǵan Ýkrainada da alapat ashtyq oryn alǵany málim. Onyń kesirinen 3,5-4 millionǵa jýyq adam qyryldy. Ol kezde ýkrain halqynyń sany 30 millionǵa jýyq bolatyn. Demek respýblikada turatyn halyqtyń sanyna shaqqanda Qazaqstandaǵy asharshylyq adam aitqysyz sipatta ótkeni anyq baiqalady.
Al endi bizdiń jerde qýǵyn-súrgin sonshalyqty jan túrshigerlik jaǵdaida nege ótti? Sebep bireý – Keńes biligin jariialasa da, otarlyq túisikten arylmaǵan bolshevikterge bas imegen rýhty eldi tize búktirmek, saǵyn syndyrmaq kerek boldy. 1916 jylǵy ult-azattyq kóterelisten soń óziniń ulttyq Alash úkimetin jariialaǵan Qazaq táýelsizdigi úshin kúresti. 1918 jyly Alash avtonomiiasy joiylyp ult ziialylary jappai qýǵyndalǵanda da azattyq úshin kúres tolastamady. Tek resmi derekter boiynsha, 1928-1932 jyldarda Qazaqstanda keńestik saiasatqa, onyń ishinde mal men jerdi tárkileýge, kúshtep ujymdastyrýǵa, tózgisiz salyqtarǵa qarsy 372 kótirilis boldy.
Qazaqty baǵyndyrýda Máskeý mynadai maqsattardy kózdedi: saiasi salada: qazaq halqynyń tili men dilin joiý, saiasi táýelsizdigi men egemendiginen aiyrý, Qazaq dalasynda «Kishi Qazan» josparyn júzege asyrý; áleýmettik-ekonomikalyq salada: Qazaqstandy KSRO-nyń shikizat bazasyna ainaldyryp, jergilikti halyqty kúshtep otyryqshylyq pen sotsializmge engizý; ultaralyq qatynastar salasynda: assimiliatsiia arqyly orystandyrý naýqanyn júrgizý.
Osyndai urda-jyq saiasattyń nátijesinde belgili demograf-ǵalym Maqash Tátimovtiń dereginshe HH ǵasyrda oryn alǵan azamat soǵysy, qoldan jasalǵan asharshylyq, qýǵyn-súrgin kezderinde, Ekinshi dúniejúzilik soǵysta bas-aiaǵy 3 million 850 myńǵa jýyq qazaq qyrǵynǵa ushyrady.
Uzaq jyldar boiynda keńestik totalitarlyq júie Adamzat pen Adamgershilikke qarsy jasaǵan qylmysyn meilinshe jasyrýǵa tyrysty. HH ǵasyrdaǵy Qazaqtyń shynaiy tarihy jaily kez-kelgen zertteýler men maqalalar otqa órteldi, olardyń avtorlary repressiianyń ekinshi-úshinshi tolqynynda qýdalandy. Alash arystarynyń esimderi men shyǵarmalary múlde qaǵaz betinen óshirildi. Dese de qatqyl tsenzýra qursaýynda ult ziialylary aqiqatty jetkizýge baryn saldy. Qazaq ádebietinde asharshylyq pen qýǵyn-súrgin taqyrybyna qalam tartqan avtorlar qatarynda Beiimbet Mailin («Ashtyq qurbany», «Kúlpash»), Smaǵul Elýbai («Aq boz úi»), Káribai Ahmetbekov («Qasiret»), Sherhan Murtaza («Qyzyl jebe», «Beseýdiń haty»), Tólegen Qajybai («Aran»), Qadyr Myrza-Áli («Dert»), Muhtar Maǵaýindi («Sary qazaq») ataýǵa bolady.
Bertin kele Keńes Odaǵynyń mirasqory - Resei zulmatty aqtap qalýǵa tyrysýda. Bul ádeii bolǵan saiasat emes, tek jere-jerde oryn alǵan asyrasilteýshiliktiń saldary degendi alǵa tartýda. Shyndyǵynda Ýkrainada bolsyn, Qazaq dalasynda bolsyn uiymdastyrylǵan zulmatty naǵyz etnotsid dep baǵalaýǵa negiz jetkilikti. Mustafa Shoqai “Týrkestan pod vlastiý sovetov” atty eńbeginde mynadai bir derek keltiredi: Túrkistan atqarýshy komitetiniń otyrysynda bolshevikterdiń beldi ókili Tobolin “marksisterdiń oiynsha qazaqtar ekonomikalyq turǵydan álsiz bolǵandyqtan báribir joiylady. Olai bolsa revoliýtsiia úshin álde-qaida mańyzdysy qarjyny asharshylyqqa qarsy kúreske emes, maidandy qoladaýǵa jumsaý kerek” - dedi.
Qazaqstannyń ózinde asharshylyq eń aldymen ata kásibi - malshylyqpen ainalysqan Qazaqqa aýyr tidi, al onyń zardabyn eńserý uzyq jyldarǵa sozyldy. KSRO-da 1970 jyly ótken halyq sanaǵy Qazaqstan turǵyndarynyń sany 13 millionǵa jetkenin anyqtady. Bundaǵy Qazaqtyń úlesi respýblika halqynyń 32,6 paiyzyn ǵana qurap, qazaq óz jerinde ulttyq azshylyqqa ainaldy. Tipti táýelsizdik alǵan 1991 jyly atalǵan kórsetkish bolar-bolmas ósip 42 paiyzdy qurady.
Táýelsizdik alǵannan keiin 1992 jyly prezident Nursultan Nazarbaevtyń jarlyǵymen Asharshylyq oqiǵalaryn zertteý boiynsha arnaiy Ulttyq komissiia quryldy. Onyń qorytyndysy «Qazaqstandaǵy 1931-33 jyldardaǵy kúshtep ujymdastyrý jáne asharshylyq» atty kólemdi jinaqqa endi. 1993 jyly 14 sáýirde «Jappai saiasi qýǵyn-súrgin qurbandaryn aqtaý týraly» Zań qabyldandy. Sonymen birge memleket basshysynyń sheshimimen 1997 jyl – Jalpyulttyq tatýlyq pen saiasi qýǵyn-súrgin qurbandaryn eske alý jyly retinde, 31 mamyr – Saiasi qýǵyn-súrgin jáne asharshylyq qurbandaryn eske alý kúni dep jariialandy.
Tarihty zerdeleý óskeleń urpaqty tárbieleýde qanshan da mańyzdy orynǵa ie. Memlekettiń «Rýhani jańǵyrý», «Týǵan jer», «Qasietti Qazaqstan» sekildi uzaq merzimdi baǵdarmalary osyǵan baǵyttalǵan. Elimizdiń ár qiyrynda boi kóterip jatqan «Qazaq halqyna myń alǵys» monýmentteri – Qazaq jerinen pana tapqan san túrli ulystardyń Qazaqqa degen rizashylyǵynyń kórinisi.
Qýǵyn-súrgin men asharshylyq oqiǵalaryna qatysty jer-jerde murajailar men memorialdyq keshender turǵyzyldy. Alash arystarynyń qurmetine qalalarymyzdyń ortalyq alańdarynda eskertkishter ornatyldy, al esimderi mektep pen kóshelerge berildi. Olardyń shyǵarmalary kitap bolyp basyp shyǵaryldy. HH ǵasyrdaǵy zulmatqa arnalǵan zertteýler oqýlyqtarǵa endi, kórkem jáne derekti filmderge arqaý boldy. Táýelsizdik jyldarynda dúniege kelgen urpaqqa Álihan, Ahmet, Maǵjandardyń esimderi berilýi óz aldyna ult kósemderinne qurmettiń belgisi.
Dese de 1990 jyldardyń basynan beri zerttelip kele jatqanymen, asharshylyq pen qýǵyn-súrgin tarihynyń kúrmeýi tolyq sheshile qoiǵan joq. Bul baǵytta atqarylar jumystar áli jetip artylady. Ras, sol alys jyldary Qazaqstan RKFSR quramynda avtonomdy respýblika boldy, sondyqtan qujattardyń negizgi massivi Máskeýde ornalasqan. Kórshi eldiń ókilderi túrli syltaýmen otandyq ǵalymdardy osy muraǵatqa jolatpai otyrǵany bar. Qazaq qoǵamynyń óz ishinde ótkendi qazbalai bersek unamsyz talai jáitterdiń beti ashylyp qalady ǵoi dep sanaityndar, kórshi eldiń sesinen qaimyǵýshylar az emes. Qaitken kúnde ult bolamyz desek osyndai kedergilerge boi usynbaǵan abzal. Kerek deseńiz aqty aq, qarany qara dep taný - keshegi esh kinásiz qurban bolǵan milliondaǵan ata-babanyń árýaǵy aldyndaǵy paryz. Bul turǵyda zulmatqa tiisti baǵasyn berýde, ony halyqaralyq deńgeide moiyndaýǵa jaǵdai jasaýda óz ishimizdegi sharýalaren qatar TMD elderiniń tájiribesin qolǵa alý ózekti másele.
P.S. Ekinshi dúniejúzilik soǵys kezinde natsisterdiń evreilerdi qyrǵany Holokost degen ataýmen bilgili. Búgingi Izrailde sol qasiretti oqiǵalarǵa arnalǵan Iad-Vashem memorialdyq kesheni ornytalǵan. Bul – evreilerdiń mektep oqýshylarynan bastap eńkeigen qariialaryna deiin kelip bas ietin, tarihyn qasterlep ózin ult retinde sezinetin oryn. Sondai-aq evrei eline kelgen kez-kelgen memleket basshysynyń sapary osy keshenge taǵzym etýden bastalady. Sondaǵysy evrei halqy atalǵan qylmystyń búge-shegesin zerttep qana qoimai, oǵan aiyptylardy tipti syrt elderde tyǵylǵan jerinen izdep-taýyp, Izrailge ákelip sazaiyn bergen. Al endi Holokostqa kimde-kim kúmán keltirse ol Izrail ǵana emes, halyqaralyq zańdar boiynsha qatal jaýapqa tartylady. Osyndai tájiribeni kórip otyryp, evreidiń ult retindegi namysyna qairan qalasyń. Kúnderdiń bir kúninde Qazaq ta óz tarihynda oryn alǵan zulmatty oqiǵalardy tolyǵymen ashyp, tarihynan taǵlym alǵan ult retinde oiysyp basqany moiyndatýy – zaman talaby.
Rasýl Jumaly, saiasattanýshy
