Qazirgi tańda qoǵam men mektep arasynda hijap máselesi jii daý týdyryp, ózekti dúniege ainaldy. Ózge ustanymdaǵy qandastarymyz zaiyrly memlekettiń zań talaptaryn elemei, qyzdaryn jalpy bilim berý oshaqtaryna tumshalap jiberýi - kópshilik arasynda daýly taqyrypqa ainalǵaly qashan. Bir qyzyǵy, baliǵatqa tolmai basyna «qara jamylǵan» qarakózderdi qoldaityndar da bar. Ulttyń erteńin oilap, ýlap-shýlaǵandar da jeterlik. Osy oraida, máseleniń mánisin bilmek bolyp filosofiia jáne teologiia ǵylymdarynyń doktory, professor Dosai Kenjetaimen suhbattasqan edik…
– Dosai Tursynbaiuly, sońǵy kezderi elimizde qyz balalardyń basyna oramal taǵý máselesi jii kóterilip júr? Bul ahýal nege ýshyǵyp ketti?
– Ol ras, oramal taǵý emes, «hidjab» - qoǵamdyq sanada eleýli qaishylyqtar alyp kelgeni jasyryn emes. Eger oramal taǵý dini tanymdyq másele retinde kórinis bergen bolsa, onyń jarasy jeńil. Onyń saýatyn ashý, dini negizderin kórsetý arqyly tanymyn keńeitip, aǵartýshylyq jolmen sheshken bolar edik… Negizinen bul másele tóńireginde, buqaralyq aqparat quraldary men Qazaqstan musylmandary dini basqarmasy tarapynan kóptegen is sharalar uiymdastyrylyp, maqalalar jaryq kórdi. Biraq halyq arasynda qoǵamdyq sanaǵa áseri baiqalmai keledi. Endi onyń sebepterin anyqtaýǵa tyrysyp kóreiik. Birinshiden, qazirgi BAQ ishinde osy qubylysty izdep júrip jariialaityn tendentsiialyq áreketter baiqalady. Demek, osy taqyrypty údetý týraly tapsyrma bolýy ábden múmkin. Bul tapsyrys bizdiń qoǵamnyń ishki turaqtylyǵyna syzat túsirýdi oilap júrgen syrtqy saiasi kúshterden bolýy yqtimal. Ekinshiden, osy oramal arqyly syrtqy quqyq qorǵaý ortalyqtary qoǵamdaǵy jynys negizindegi saiasattaryna jol salyp jatqan syńaily. Mysaly, genderlik saiasattyń qazaqstandyq shablonyna dini motivterdi qosyp, jan-jaqtan qysym kórsetýge daiyndyq jasap jatqan da bolýy múmkin. Sonda hidjab olar úshin qoǵamda qaishylyq týǵyzýdyń jynystyq (gender), dini, áleýmettik, saiasi, quqyqtyq ortalyǵyna óz-ózinen ainalyp shyǵa keledi.
Ras, syrtqy kúshterge, olardyń osyndai tuzaǵyna qural bolyp ketpeý úshin de bizdiń qoǵamdyq, demokratiialyq kelisimge negizdelgen zaiyrlylyq ustanymyna qurylǵan memleket pen din qatynasynyń mazmuny men ideiasyn qoǵamnyń kez kelgen qabattaryna túsindirý jumystary jetpei jatyr.
Úshinshiden, dini turǵydan alsaq, alty jasar qyz balanyń Alla aldynda eshqandai jaýapkershiligi joq. Sondyqtan ol balanyń osy jasta jynysyn naqtylap, dini ereksheligin kórsetip, synyptastarynan oqshaýlanýy - dinimizge de, dilimizge de, zańymyzǵa da qarsy áreket. Endi osy áreketti sol bala jasap otyrǵan joq, ony tárbielep otyrǵan ata-anasy. Oǵan onyń erki de, sanasy da, aqyly da, ishki dini sezimi de jetpeidi. Bul ata-anasynyń balasyn qural qylýy, sol arqyly erkin zańǵa qarsy ekendigin, zaiyrlylyq talaptaryn moiyndamaityndyǵyn kórsetip otyr.
Biz – islam arqyly mádeni bolmysqa ainalǵan, ulttyǵymyzdy qalyptastyrǵan, dástúrli memlekettiligi men tarihi tájiribesi bar halyqpyz. Biz keshe ǵana musylman bolǵan el de emespiz. Qazirgi qoǵamdaǵy neosálafilik tendentsiia osy joǵaryda aitylǵandardyń bárin joqqa shyǵaryp, dindarlar arasynda teris psihologiialyq piǵyl qalyptastyrýǵa muryndyq bolyp otyr. Bul úderis otbasy institýtyn zaiyrly qoǵamnan oqshaýlaý, immanentti mándegi ishke búrkený, qoǵam talabyna nemquraidy qaraý, zańdy elemeý, keńistik pen ýaqyt úndestigi úilesimdiligine qatyspaýdy óz quraldarynyń ereksheligi men sipaty retinde somdap jatyr.
Tórtinshiden, islamda jynysyna qaramastan er me, áiel me jaratylysynan teń, bir rýhtan shyqqan. Bireýlerdiń negizdep júrgenindei, «islamda áiel erkektiń qabyrǵasynan jaralmaǵan». Alla aldynda teń bolǵandyqtan da islamda áiel men erkekke birdei bilim alý paryz etilgen. Bul bilim alýdyń mazmuny da sol ýaqyt pen keńistiktiń talabyna sai bolýy qarastyrylǵan. Búgingi jahandanǵan dúniede bilim alý mazmunynda, elimiz basqalarmen terezesi teń bolý maqsatyn kózdegen bolsa, Hanafi mazhaby da bul shartty qoldaidy. Elimizdiń bilim berý júiesi zaiyrly sipatta, bul – shart. Olai bolsa, dini úkim turǵysynan da ol dindar áiel ne erkek bolsyn, Alla aldyndaǵy jaýapkershilikten ada bolady. Biraq elimiz islam dininiń órkendeýine barynsha qoldaý kórsetip otyrǵan birden bir memleket.
Zaiyrlylyqty Elbasymyz Nursultan Nazarbaev qundylyq retinde tanytty. Al qundylyq – aksiologiialyq turǵydan qurmettelýi tiis tuǵyr. Sondyqtan alty jasar bala ǵana emes, baliǵatqa jetken, orta mektepte oqityn kez kelgen jasymyz dini atribýttardy jeleý etip, memlekettik mekemede oqshaýlanýyna, daralanýyna, erekshelenýine jol berilmeidi. Osy jastaǵy kez kelgen jas, mektepten bilim alýy shart, memlekettik mindetti bilim standartynan attap kete almaidy. Zaiyrlylyq ustanymy bul máseleni de sheship qoiǵan, dini atribýttarmen bilim alatyn arnaiy mektep, oqý oryndary bar. Al mektepti bitirip shyqqan soń, ol azamat ári qarai joǵary bilim ala ma, almai ma, óz erki.
Besinshiden, erekshe eskeretin jait, mektep, otbasylyq qundylyqtar men zaiyrly talaptardy elimizdiń erteńi bolatyn bolashaq jastarǵa pedagogikalyq standarttardy qalai, qandai joldarmen sińdirý tóńireginde jiti oilanyp, myń tolǵanyp sheshýimiz kerek. Qazirgi mektep qabyrǵasynda júrip-aq júkti bolyp qalatyn, júkti qylyp qoiatyn «bala-áke, bala-sheshelerdiń» beleń alýy ata-anany alańdatpai qoimaidy. Ata-ana balasyn dini tanymdyq sheńberlerge tyqqysy keletindikteri de qazirgi mekteptegi osyndai keleńsizdikterden bolýy yqtimal. Iaǵni, mektepte, bilim berý men tárbie jumystary ózara qabyspai jatyr degen sóz. Mine, ata-ana osyndai senimsizdikten dini psihologiialyq kúizeliske túsip, balasyna myna qoǵamnyń bilim berý júiesine parallel «panany» dini tanymnan izdeýi tabiǵi jait bolsa kerek. Bul ata-ananyń úreii balaǵa aýysqanda, qandai qosúrei paida bolatyndyǵyn psihologtar jaqsy túsinse kerek-ti. Sodan ortada zardap shegetin bala bolyp qala beredi.
Túptep kelgende, qyz balasyn mektepke jibermei qoiýdan, ata-anasy senimdi bolǵanymen, bolashaqta ol qyz qoǵamǵa da jiirkene qaraýy yqtimal. Kúdik, úrei, qorqý, ókiný, jekkórý, sońynda rejimge qarsy turý psihologiiasynyń bulaǵy ekendigin este saqtaǵanymyz jón. Bul psihologiia seiilmese, qoǵamda ýahabilik tendentsiia órshimese, álsiremeidi. Olarǵa osy tus naǵyz azyq, naǵyz «synyqqa syltaý» bolyp qala bermek. Nátijesinde mundai qoǵamda dini tanym ǵylymi tanymǵa qaraǵanda basymdyqqa ie bolady.
Altynshydan, qoǵamda ýahabilik tendentsiia modaǵa ainalyp bara jatyr. Ol jastardyń dini tanymdyq suraǵynan naqty kórinis beredi. Ol – «Quranda bar ma?» suraǵy… Kez kelgen másele, qubylys iaki ómirdiń qarapaiym mysaldaryna Qurannan jaýap izdeidi. Eń bolmasa, Quran osy máselege qalai qaraidy dep bir ustanym, túsinik, tujyrym, tanym retinde surasa, ainalasyń. Olar uǵym, qaǵida, ereje, zań retinde suraidy. Eger uǵym retinde qarasań, Qurannan molda, medrese, oraza, namaz, paiǵambar, hijap, qudai t.b. uǵymdardy tappaisyń. Bulardyń arabsha balamalary bar. Saým, salat, nabi, rasýl, hýmýr siiaqty. Sondyqtan bul tendentsiia, bizdiń jastarymyzdy, dini kiim retinde qabyldanǵan «arab mádenieti men dini tanymyn» qosa qabat alyp kelip jatqandarynan beihabar. Kisisi ólgen jesir siiaqty «qara jamylyp», erte qartaiǵysy kelgen qaýǵa saqal sheih bolyp júrgenderge arab musylmandyǵynyń ókilderi ekendikterin túsindirý qajet-aq. Bularǵa osy kórinisterimen-aq qoǵamdaǵy «islamofobiia» eskertkishteri ekendikterin moiyndatý kerek.
Jetinshiden, hidjabtyń artynda, ulttyń transformatsiialanýy, dástúrdiń reviziialanýy, dildiń tilimdenýi kele jatyr. Qazaq mádenietiniń, salt sanasynyń, otbasynyń ortalyǵy – ana. Ýahabilik tanymmen tumshalanǵan qyzdarymyz, bolashaq analarymyz, arabtyń salt sanasymen de tunshyqtyrylyp jatyr. Bul keshegi kommýnizm ideologiiasynan da qaýipti. Birge týys-aǵaiyndar osy ustanym arqyly, eger úide baýyry joq bolsa, bosaǵadan attap kire almaityn jaǵdaiǵa jetemiz. Nege? Úide eri joq. Qazaqy dil keiinge sheginip barady. Bara-bara jeti ata da qalady. Sebebi, Quranda emshektes bolmasa boldy, nekege ruqsat. Osyndai dini tanymmen tumshalanǵan qazaqtyń balasy, erteń nemere qaryndasyna basqasha kózben qaramasyna kim kepil?
Jalpy, bul ýahabilik tanym qazaqtyń dástúrli musylmandyq túsinigi, dini tanymy, dili men salt, dástúrin de restavratsiialaǵaly tur. Qazaq formaǵa emes, mazmunǵa, fenomenge emes, mánge kóńil aýdaratyn halyq edi. Endi búgin qyzdar tumshalanbasa, fitnaǵa sebep bolatyn bolypty. Bul jerde qazaq qyzdaryna jarasqan ulttyq kiimi bolǵandyǵyn aityp otyrmyz. Eger osylai kete bersek, kez kelgen urǵashy, ol jeńge demei, qaryndas demei, fitnaǵa sebep bolady deitin bolarmyz. Al Quranda áýretti jabýdyń ar jaǵynda júrekti jabý turǵandyǵyna nazar aýdarmaityn boldyq. Sondyqtan qaryndastaryma aitarym, jamylǵyny júrekke salaiyq, aldymen bilim alaiyq, nadan bolyp qalmaiyq. Erteń anasy nadan urpaqtan qandai bilimdi urpaq, eli úshin oi tolǵaityn azamat shyǵady? Ata-analardy da tózimdilik pen shydamdylyqqa shaqyramyn.
– Qarap otyrsaq, keibir dindarlar men oqý orny basshylary bir mámilege kele almaýda. Sebebi nede?
– Sebepterine joǵaryda toqtaldym. Bul másele eki jaqtyń da dini tanymdyq, zaiyrlylyq turǵysynan saýatsyzdyǵyna tirelip otyr. Eń bastysy, bul daý qoǵam sharttaryn, keńistik pen ýaqyt talabyn tani almaýdan týyndaýda. Jalpy, Islam dininde qyz balaǵa eń birinshi «bilim alý paryz ba», álde «oramal tartý ma»? Islamda qyz balaǵa bilim alý – paryz. Allaǵa qulshylyq etý úshin de, aldyndaǵy túpkilikti mindeti men jaýapkershiliginiń shegi men múmkindigi arasyn ajyratý úshin de birinshi kezekte bilim, tanym, oilaý, sana turady. Oramaldyń da kezegi keledi sosyn.
– Bul máseleni sheshýdiń qandai ońtaily tetikteri bar?
– Basty tetik bizdiń zaiyrly zańymyzda naqty kórsetilgen, onda «ógiz de ólmeitin, arba da synbaityn» tetikter bar. Sol tetikter qoldanystan tys qalyp qoiǵan. Ony qoǵammen úndestikte, úilesimdilikte qoldanatyn memlekettik institýttar men qoǵamdyq dini uiymdar arasyndaǵy «kópirdi» qaita jaraqtaý qajet. Eki institýttyń da baǵyttary men múddeleri toǵysyp, biri-biri tolyqtyryp otyrýy tiis. Memleket – «áke», qoǵam – «ana» rólin jaqsy belsendi atqarsa, ortada «bala» da eshkimge qural bolmas degen oidamyn…
– Áńgimeńizge rahmet!
Suhbattasqan Zarina Kibaeva,
"Oral óńiri" gazeti
