Jaqynda kórshiles Qyrǵyzstannyń buryńǵy basshysy Almazbek Atambaevtyń qazaq halqynyń betine basqan sózderiniń biri: “Qazaq halqyn Shyńǵys han urpaqtary bilegen” degen syny edi. Biraq bul shynynda synǵa jatatyn sóz ba eken? Qazaqtyń handary tekti bolǵandyǵy esh uiat nárse emes. Handardyń biliginiń institýty – qazaq halqynyń tarihyndaǵy saiasi júiesiniń negizi edi. Bul bizdiń el bolǵanymyzdyń belgisi.
Ortaǵasyrdaǵy Eýropa memleketteri bolsyn, Aziia elderi bolsyn – olardy ár túrli áýletterden shyqqan patshalary, monarhtary bilegen. Eýropada Gabsbýrgtar, Býrbondar, Valýalar bolsa, túrikti Osmandar, Qyrymdy Gireiler basqarsa, Qytaida Min, Tsin, Tszin áýletteri bir-birin aýystyrsa, bizdi, qazaqty Shyńǵystyń urpaqtary bilegen. Munyń esh jamandyǵy joq, kerisinshe bul – bizdiń maqtanyshymyz. Shyńǵys han ózi jaman-jaqsy bolsyn, búkil álem tanyǵan uly tarihi tulǵa. Dúnie júzinde resmi túrinde ótken myńjyldyqtyń nar tulǵasy bolyp sanalǵan adam. Kóshpendi taipalaryn biriktirip, basyn qostyrǵan kóshbasshy edi. Dala órkenietinde onyń aty Móde, Attila (Edil), Kúltegin atalarymyzdyń arasynda qaldy. Shyńǵys hannyń ádil bilik júiesi, danalyǵy san ǵasyrlar bilimdi adamdaryn tań qaldyrdy. Qazaq halqy túgil, Qytai Shyńǵystyń urpaqtary basqarǵan memleket bolyp sanalaýymen maqtan tutady.
Shyńǵystyń nemeresi Hýbilai han 13 ǵasyrdyń aiaǵynda Qytaidyń imperatory bolyp, Iýan áýletiniń negizin qalaǵan. Inisi Hýlagý bolsa Irandy basqaryp, Ilhan áýletiniń negizin qalaýshysy edi.
Iran da óz tarihynan qashpaidy, uialmaidy. Al qazaqty Shyńǵys han urpaqtary eń uzaq basqarǵan. Basqa elder tóre tuqymynan bas tartqanda, qazaq halqy tórelerge berik bolǵan. Tekti tórelerimiz de eldiń ystyǵyna kúiip, sýyǵyna tonyp, jaý kelse qol bastaǵan, beibit zamanda el basqarǵan. Qazaqtyń tóreler basqarǵany – biz Altyn Ordanyń (naqty aitqanda Joshy ulysynyń, Aq Ordanyń) saiasi dástúriniń mirasqorlarymyz ekendigin bildiredi. Tarihta Altyn Orda degen ataýymen qalǵan (bul termindi negizi tarihshylar synap jatady, alaida el arasynda keń jaiylǵan ataý bolǵan soń “Altyn orda” dep jazyp jatyrmyz) Deshti-Qypshaqta ornalasqan Joshy urpaqtary basqarǵan memleket zamanaýi Reseidiń de saiasi júiesiniń negizderiniń biri boldy emes pe?Orys (Máskeý) patshalyǵynyń saiasi dástúriniń túbinde Kievtik Rýstiń, Vizantiia jáne Altyn Ordanyń saiasi dástúrleri jatatyny aidai anyq. “Igo” degen sóziniń ózi “igi”, “igilik” degen
sózinen shyqqan emes pe? Qyrǵyzdyń Arys Ainal degen bileýshiniń ózi kezinde Shyńǵys hanǵa aq suńqar jiberip, qurmetin bildirgen ǵoi. Keiin qyrǵyzdar Moǵolstanda turyp, Moǵolstannyń taýly aimaqtyń arystandary atalyp Shaǵatai urpaqtaryna baǵynǵan emes pe? Alaida, Shaǵatailar, Shaibaniler, Ashtarhan áýleti qazirgi óbek, tatar, sibir tatar halyqtarynyń ata-babalaryn bilep, eki-úsh ǵasyrdan keiin tarihi sahnasynan ketti. Qazan, Ashtarhan men Sibirdi Resei jaýlap alyp óziniń quramyna qossa, Orta Aziiadaǵy áýletteri qaradan shyqqan han bolǵandaryna aýystyryldy. Iaǵni, qazaqpen qandas kóshpendi ózbek óz aǵalarynan shyqqan Qońyrat, Mańǵyt, Myń áýletteri Buqarda, Besqalada (Hiýada), Qoqanda ámir, han bolyp shyqty. Osyndai jaǵdaida tek qazaq basqalardan kóp tórelerine – Jánibek pen Kerei handarynyń urpaqtaryna berik bolǵan halyq edi.Qyrǵyzdyń qolynan qazasyn tapqan han Kenemizge deiin san ǵasyr qazaqtyń handary, tóreden shyqqan bileýshilerimiz halqymyzdyń ajyratylmaityn bóligi edi, táýelsizdigimizdiń, ulttyq bolmysymyzdyń, eldigimizdiń, qazaq bolǵanymyzdyń nyshany edi.
Handarymyz sheksiz monarhtar emes, dala demokratiiasynyń, kóshpedi, áskeri demokratiiasynyń ókilderi edi. Han tóreleriniń arasynan ǵana shyqsa-daǵy, hannyń taǵy árdaiym atasynan balasyna miras bolyp qalǵan emes. Bilikke baladan danalyǵy, erligi asqan bir týǵan baýyry, nemere-shóbere aǵaiyn, kerek bolsa tóre áýletiniń múldem basqa tarmaǵynan shyqqan adam kele alatyn edi. Han bolýǵa jaramaityn hanynan el kóship kete alatyn edi. Eli tastap ketken han handyqsyz qalatyn edi. Hantalapai da bolatyn edi, handy ant ursyn dep taǵynan qýý da múmkinshilik bolatyn edi.
Kerek bolsa qyrǵyzdyń ózi de Esim hanymyzdy moiyndap, qazaqtarǵa qosylyp Tursyn handy shapqan ǵoi, qazaq-qyrǵyz birigip 1628 jyly Tashkentti alǵan emes pe? Bul qazaq-qyrǵyz qosyndy basqarǵan da Shyńǵystyń urpaǵy tóre Esim hana emes pa edi?
Al endi qyrǵyzdyń manaptaryna, qaradan shyǵyp ózderin han dep sanaǵandaryna qaraiyq. Shoqan Ýálihanovtyń jazbalaryna súiensek, manaptardyń biligi sheksiz edi (aita keteiik, “Manasty” qaǵazǵa túsirip, qyrǵyzdyń tarihyn, saltyn, turmysyn zerttegen Shoqan da Atambaev til tigizgen tóreniń tuqymy). Manaptar óz elinen iaǵni qaradan shyqsa-daǵy qutyrǵan erke shonjarlar edi. Muny sotsialisttik Qyrǵyzstannyń bileýshisi Júsip Ábdirahmanov ta jazdy. Mysaly, Úmbetáli degen manap bir kezde “Úmbetáli” dep balasyn shaqyrǵan áieldiń daýsyn estidi. Baiqasa, kishkentai balanyń atyn Úmbetáli dep qoiǵan eken. “Jer betinde eki Úmbetáli simaidy” dep, ashýy qyzǵan manap beikúná balanyń basyn qylyshpen shaýyp tastaǵan. Qyrǵyzdyń dástúri boiynsha han soǵys kezinde-aq sailanǵan, ony rýbasylar – manaptardyń arasynan tańdaǵan. Qaradan shyǵyp han bolyp sailanǵan manaptar eldi óz rýyna-aq tartqan, ózimshil, rýshyl bolyp, jeke jáne óz rýynyń múddlerin jalpyulttyq múddelerinen joǵary qoiǵan. Mysaly. Orman han búkil qyrǵyzdyń hany bola turyp, óziniń Sarybaǵysh rýynyń múddelerin asyra biik turǵyzyp, Buǵy degen rýyn shaýyp, ony tuzdai qurtaiyn dep júrdi. Aqyry óz qyrǵyzdyń qolynan qazasyn tapty.
Bizdiń tórelerimiz bolsa júzge, rýǵa jatpaǵan soń búkil eldi birdei kórdi, teń kórdi. Ádiletti bilik júrgizip, bir rýdyń múddesin basqadan joǵary qoiǵan joq.
«Han balasynda qazaqtyń haqysy bar edi, tiri bolsam, qazaqqa qyzmet qylmai qoimaimyn», - dep aitqan Alashtyń kóshbasshysy Álihan Bókeihanov ta Shyńǵys hannyń, Áz Jánibektiń, tórelerdiń tikelei urpaǵy. Átteń, zamanymyzdyń Álihandary, Alashtyń týyn tikken Ahmet, Mirjaqyp, Maǵjan, Jaqyp-Álimhandary, Raiymjandary qaida? Sol tóreden shyqqan Álihanǵa, qazaq Alash ziialylaryna serik bolǵan qyrǵyzdyń Ishanǵali Arabaev, Ábdikerim Sydyqov, Qasymdar Tynystanovtar emes pe?...Sonda qyrǵyzdyń da ziialylary 100 jyl buryn tóreden shyqqan Álihanǵa baǵynǵany synǵa jatatyn sóz be? Qysqasy, tórelerimiz, handarymyz – tarihymyz, babadan qalǵan shejireli asyl mirasymyz.
Tarihymyzdy saiasat pen halyqaralyq qatynaspen aralastyrmaǵany jón-aq.
Asqar Daiyrbek
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