Foto: Jasulan Baqytbek / Ult.kz
Tarihta eshqashan umytylmaityn, umytylmaýǵa tiis oqiǵalar jetip-artylady. Ásirese keńestik totalitarlyq júie qoldan jasaǵan azaly jyldardyń azabyn kóp tartqan qazaq jeri de talai sumdyqtyń syryn buǵyp jatyr. Ártúrli jeleýmen qýǵyn men súrginniń san túrin kórgen «halyq jaýlarynyń» otbasy da oirannan kóz ashpaǵan. Qamaýdaǵy belsendiniń jary lagerlerde azaptalsa, balalary árkimniń bosaǵasynda júrip, al jaqyn-jýyǵy joqtar jetimder úiinde tozaqqa bergisiz kún keshti. Jýyrda Ult.kz tilshisi Aqmola oblysy, Tselinograd aýdany, Aqmol aýylyndaǵy ALJIR lageriniń ornyndaǵy mýzei-memorial keshenine at izin salyp, lager jaily biraz jaitqa qanyǵyp qaitty.
«Halyq jaýy» degen jalǵan jalamen jazaǵa tartylyp, repressiianyń taýqymetin tartqan jandardyń jarlary da kórgen azapty aitýdyń ózi aýyr.
1930-1950 jyldary Keńes Odaǵynda GÝLAG lagerler júiesi shekten shyqqan qatygezdikpen jumys istegeni tarihtan belgili. Onda da tarihshylar bul máselege bertinde ǵana, sekseninshi jyldardyń sońyna taman zer sala bastady. Bul lagerlerde «halyq jaýy», «kontrrevoliýtsioner», «tyńshy», «otanyn satqan opasyz» degen jalǵan aiyptarmen kóptegen ziialy qaýym ókilderi qamaldy. Shyn máninde, bul lagerlerde túrli ulttyń betke ustar tulǵalary, aqyn-jazýshylar, ǵalymdar, saiasatkerler jáne basqa da qoǵam qairatkerleri otyrdy.
Qazaqstan aýmaǵynda GÝLAG-tyń 11 lageri bolǵan. Olardyń qatarynda Qarlag, Steplag, Kamyshlag, Keńgir jáne «ALJIR» de bar. Osy lagerlerdiń barlyǵynda áielderge arnalǵan bólimder boldy. Alaida tek bireýiniń ǵana «turǵyndary» tek qana áielderden quraldy. Ol – «ALJIR» degen úreili atpen tarihta qalǵan Aqmola oblysyndaǵy «26-núkte».
1937 jyly Keńes Odaǵynda bastalǵan jappai qýǵyn-súrgin kezinde Qazaqstan erekshe qatygezdikke negizdelgen osy naýqannyń qyzǵan núktesine ainaldy. Bul kezde túrli saladaǵy joǵary bilimdi azamattar men ziialylardyń kópshiligi qýǵynǵa ushyrap, deni atý jazasyna kesildi. Al qalǵandary uzaq jyldarǵa sottalyp, el «it jekken» dep aitatyn Sibirge aidaldy, qara jumysqa jegildi. Biraq keńes biligi mundai sharamen ǵana shektelip qalmai, olardyń áielderin de tutqyndaýdy qolǵa aldy. Osylaisha, ótken ǵasyrdyń otyzynshy jyldarynda «ALJIR» lageriniń tarihy bastaldy...
«ALJIR»-de 62 ulttyń ókilderinen quralǵan 18 myńǵa jýyq áieldi jinady. Bul lagerde áielderdi tek jumys kúshi retinde ǵana paidalanyp qoiǵan joq. Sonymen qatar olar ashy azapty da bastan keshti.
Keńes biligi munda eki túrli maqsatty júzege asyrdy: birinshiden, intelligentsiia ókilderiniń kózin joiýdy dittese, ekinshiden, olardy tegin eńbek kúshi retinde ustady. Áielder aýyr jumystarǵa jegilip, bul mindetterdiń qataryna kól jaǵasynan qamys orý, mal baǵý, aryq qazý, egin egý sekildi erlerge tán aýyr eńbek túrleri kirdi.
«ALJIR»-ge kelgen áielderdiń árqaisysynyń ózine tán árqily taǵdyry bar. Aidyń-kúnniń amanynda kúieýinen aiyrylǵan keńetektiler alǵashynda ózderiniń qaida bara jatqanyn bilmedi. Olardyń bárin NKVD jendetteri «kúieýlerińmen kezdesesińder» dep aldap alyp shyqqan eken. Qýanyshtan júregi jaryla jazdaǵan áielder eń ádemi kiimderin kiip, áshekeilerin taǵyp, balalaryn týystaryna tastap, barynsha qulpyryp shyqqan edi. Júk vagondaryna otyrsa da olar qaida bara jatqandarynan esh kúmándanbastan, qýanysh qushaǵynda alystaǵy qazaq jerine kete bardy. Jazda ystyq, qysta qabyrǵalarynan aiaz qarityn eshelondaǵy birneshe kúnnen keiin ǵana olar alda qandai aýyr joldy bastan keshiretinderin túsine bastady.
Astana qalasynan shamamen 30 shaqyrymdai qashyqtaǵy Aqmol aýylynda ornalasqan mýzei-memorialǵa barǵanymyzda bizdi birden kónergen eshelon qarsy aldy. Uzyndyǵy ary ketse alty qadamnan sál ǵana asatyn stalindik vagonnyń ishine 70-ke jýyq áieldi syiǵyzyp jibergen eken.
Sonymen, adam túgil mal tasýǵa da qolaisyz, kózge qorash kórinetin vagondarda áielder ózderiniń qaida bara jatqanyn bilgen soń, árqaisysy óz ómirindegi sońǵy hattaryn jazdy. Poiyz toqtaǵan saiyn ájethananyń tesiginen syrtqa tastaǵan bir japyraq qaǵaz arqyly olar óz otbasylaryna sońǵy habarlaryn jetkizip qalýǵa tyrysty. Eshelondaǵylar uzaq jol boiynda tek tuzdalǵan balyqpen ǵana júrek jalǵap, qabyrǵaǵa qatqan muzdy ǵana talǵajaý etip, shól basty. Soǵan qaramastan ashtyqtan, sýyqtan shetinen qyrylyp jatty. Al olardyń denelerin ozbyr kúzetshiler poiyzdyń toqtaǵanyn kútpesten jol boiyna laqtyryp kete bergen...
Tiri qalǵandary aldymen Temirtaý mańyndaǵy eldimekenge jetkizilip, ary qarai «ALJIR» lagerine jóneltildi. Olardyń lagerdegi ómiri jaýyńa da tilemestei edi. Mundaǵy aýyr azaptyń bar sipatyn «kúndiz kúlkiden, túnde uiqydan airyldy» degen teńeýdiń ózi ásirelei almaidy. Kúndiz-túni bel úziler qiyn da qorlyqqa bergisiz qara jumys, ár áielge naqty eńbek normasy bekitildi. Ony oryndamaǵandar jazaǵa tartylyp, tipti tamaqtan qaǵylǵan. Ár áielge bir jylda bir ret qana balalaryna hat jazýǵa ruqsat etiletin. Eger eńbek normasyn oryndamai, nemese qaraýyna berilgen malyn óltirip, ekken egini bitik shyqpasa qandai da bir aiypqa tartylyp, tipti jylyna bir keletin balalaryna hat joldaý múmkindiginen de airylatyn. Bul – olardyń ómirindegi eń tózgisiz sátterdiń biri boldy.
Áielder aýyr eńbekke shydap, bekitilgen normadan asyra 70-80 býma qamys shabatyn. Sol arqyly olardyń kóbi erte bostandyqqa shyǵýdy úmit etti. Qushaǵy qashanda qamqorlyqqa toly tóńirektegi qazaqtar mundaǵy áielderge barynsha janashyrlyqpen qarady. Biraq qoldan keler qairan joq. Lagerdiń janynda jatqan Jańajol aýylynyń turǵyndary lagerdegilerge kómektesý úshin, túnde olarǵa jasyryn baryp, qurt, balyq, et jáne nan ustatyp ketetin. Keiin lagerden bosaǵan áielder jańajoldyq turǵyndarǵa kózderi jasqa tola bar alǵysyn jaýdyryp, qoldarynan kelgen kómekteri úshin rizashylyqtaryn bildirgen eken.
Lager jabylǵan shaqta NKVD áielderden eshkimge ol týraly aitpaýdy buiyryp, qolhat jazdyryp alyp alǵan eken. Qanshama jyl boiy olar ózderin taǵy da tutqyndai ma degen úreimen osy qasiretti bastan ótkergenderin eshkimge aitpai, óle-ólgenshe tis jarmai ótken eken.
"Osy sebepti «ALJIR»-de bolǵan 18 myń áieldiń tolyq tizimi áli kúnge deiin anyqtalmai otyr. Qazirgi tańda tek 8 myń áieldiń aty-jóni ǵana belgili, olardyń ishinde kózi tiri birde-biri qalmady. Tek osynda dúniege kelgen jáne anasymen erip kelgen birli-jarym balalar ǵana (búginde jasy 80-90 shamasynda) ómirde bar", – deidi Astana qalasy ákimdiginiń «Birlesken murajailar direktsiiasy» MKQK direktorynyń orynbasary Dáýletkerei Kápuly.
«ALJIR» lageri 1953 jyly Stalin qaitys bolǵannan keiin ǵana jabyldy. Biraq KSRO kartasyndaǵy bul azap núktesi 1955 jylǵa deiin jumys istegen.
"Keiin onyń barlyq ǵimarattary dereý buzylyp, jermen-jeksen etildi. Ornyn tegistep tastaǵan. Alaida búgingi tańda jurt ol orynnyń qasiretke toly tarihyn esh umytpaidy.
Sol jyldary Jalańash kóliniń arǵy jaǵasynda Jańajol aýyly bolǵan. Al lager ornalasqan mańda eldi meken bolmaǵan. Degenmen munda áielder jemis aǵashtaryn, ásirese tańqýraidy kóp ekken eken. Sol sebepti keiinirek osy orynǵa da jurt qonystanyp, áielder qaraǵan baý-baqshany kádege jaratypty. Osylaisha jańa aýyl paida bolǵan. Tańqýraiy kóp bolǵandyqtan bul eldi mekenniń alǵashqy ataýy Malinovka dep tarihqa jazyldy. 2007 jyly aýylǵa Aqmol ataýy berilgenge deiin osy ataýmen turǵan", – deidi D.Kápuly.
1980 jyldary Malinovkany basqarǵan nemis ultynyń ókili Ivan Sharftyń uiytqy bolýymen Jalańash kóli jaǵasynda qus fabrikasy salynyp jatqanda jer astynan adam súiekteri tabylypty. Bul oqiǵa Malinovka turǵyndary úshin kútpegen jait bolǵan. Óitkeni turǵyndar buryn bul mańda lager bolǵanynan múldem habarsyz edi, al bilgenderi aitýǵa qoryqqan. Tek Ivan Sharftyń kómegimen alǵash ret «ALJIR» týraly shyndyq aitylyp, 1989 jyly lagerde bolǵan áielderge hat joldanyp, kezdesýge shaqyryldy. Alaida olardyń kóbi qorqyp, kezdesýge kelýden úzildi-kesildi bas tartqan. Tek batyldyq tanytqan 15 shaqtysy ǵana ózderiniń kórgen qasiretteri týraly aitýdan qaimyqpai, bar shyndyqty jaiyp salǵan.
Aqmoldaǵy «ALJIR» mýzei-memorialy 2007 jyly ashylyp, ol jerde osy lagerdiń tarihy men murasy týraly málimetter áli kúnge jinaqtalyp jatyr. Sol kezdiń kýási bolǵan jádigerler de kónerip, túsi ońyp, zulmatty jyldardyń aýyr aýrasyn kóz aldyńa ákeledi. Qansha ýaqyt ótse de, bul qasiretti tarihty eshkim umytpaq emes. Sebebi ol bizdiń ótken azapty kúnderimizdiń bir bólshegi bolyp qala bermek.
