Asharshylyq. Bul qazaq halqynyń tarihynda eshqashan umytylmaityn qasiret. Eldi, jerdi ielený maqsatynda qoldan jasalǵan asharshylyqtan resmi derekter boiynsha, 2 million 200 myń adam ashtan qyryldy. Alaida, keibir derekterde asharshylyq qurbandary shyn máninde budan áldeqaida kóp degendi aitady. Ashtyq pen qýǵyn-súrginnen qazaq dalasy qańyrap qaldy, millionnan astam qazaq jan saýǵalap shet elge qashýǵa májbúr boldy. Bul qazaq ultynyń demografiialyq ahýaly men damý qarqynyn júz jylǵa artqa laqtyrǵan zulmat boldy.
Qasym-Jomart Toqaevtyń tóraǵalyǵymen ótken Parlament Senatynyń otyrysynda senator Murat Baqtiiaruly depýtattyq saýalyn jariia etip, onda Úkimet deńgeiinde qýǵyn-súrginderdiń qasiretine jáne asharshylyq qurbandaryna resmi quqyqtyq, saiasi baǵa beriletin arnaiy sheshim shyǵarylýy kerektigi, Asharshylyqtyń qurbany bolǵan otandastarymyzdyń birtutas memlekettik reestrin jasaý jáne Asharshylyq máselesine qatysty Ǵylymi-zertteý ortalyǵyn qurý týraly talap qoidy.
Senator M.Baqtiiarulynyń Úkimet basshysy B.Saǵyntaevtyń atyna joldanǵan depýtattyq saýalynyń tolyq mátini tómendegidei:
Ótken jiyrmasynshy ǵasyrdyń otyzynshy jyldaryndaǵy ashtyq adamzat balasynyń tarihyndaǵy jan túrshiktirelik eń zulmatty da aýyr qasiret bolyp tarihta qaldy. Keńestik júie kezindegi bul náýbetten eń aýyr zardap shekken Qazaqstan bolatyn. Sol kezdegi ákimshildik – ámirshildik júie qazaq halqynyń ejelgi dástúrin, sharýashylyq júrgizýdiń ózindik erekshelikterin eskermei, kóshpendi halqymyzdy eriksiz otyryqshyldyqqa májbúrledi. Aldaryndaǵy maldaryn tartyp aldy. Negizgi kún kórisi mal bolǵan halqymyz ashtyqqa uryndy, shamasy barlar jan saýǵalap shekara asyp ketti. Qazaq halqy demografiialyq jaǵynan toqyraýǵa tústi. Sóitip, tutastai bir ultqa qasaqana zulmat jasady.
Keńestik júieniń osy bir eń aýyr qylmysy uzaq jyldar boiy asa qupiia bolyp, aitylmady da, jazylmady da. Tek elimiz táýelsizdik alǵannan keiin ǵana baryp, Tuńǵysh Prezidentimiz Nursultan Nazarbaevtyń pármenimen asharshylyq jáne onyń zardaptary jan-jaqty zerttelip, bul náýbettiń qasiretin búgingi óskeleń urpaqtyń tereń bilýine, ultymyzdyń osy bir zobalań kezeńdi jáne onyń qurbandaryn únemi este ustap otyrýǵa múmkinshilik jasaldy.
Qazirgi qoldaǵy arhiv qorlarynda saqtalǵan sanaq materialdary, memleket qairatkerleri men qazaqtyń ziialy qaýym ókilderiniń I.Stalinge, L.Mirzoianǵa jazǵan sol kezdegi hattary jáne osy taqyrypty tereń zerttegen otandyq jáne sheteldik tarihshy ǵalymdardyń, atap aitqanda M.Qozybaev, B.Tólepbaev, M.Tátimov, V.Osipov, T.Omarbekov, M.Qoigeldiev K.Aldajýmanov, J.Ábilǵojin, Ǵ.Saparǵaliev, B.Qoishybaev, R.Konkvest, R.Devis, Iu.Poliakov, I.Kiselov, V.Mihailov jáne t.b. pikirlerine súiensek, 1930 jyly 1 maýsymǵa deiingi esep boiynsha Qazaqstannyń aýyldyq jerlerinde 5 million 873 myń halyq, sonyń ishinde 4,5 million qazaqtar turǵan eken. Al 1932 jyly L. Mirzoianǵa jazylǵan «Altaýdyń hatynyń» ieleri Ǵ.Isqaqov, I.Kabollov, J.Arystanov, V.Aibasov, Ǵ.Toǵjanov, O.Jandosov Qazaqstannyń Kazsovnarkomynyń málimetine súiene otyryp, aýyldyq jerlerdegi 4 million 800 myń halyqtyń 2 million 250 myń ǵana qalǵanyn atap kórsetedi.
Sol kezdegi Qazaqstannyń halyq sharýashylyǵy esepteý basqarmasynyń orynbasary N.Mankevich 1935 jyly 23 qyrqúiekte L.Mirzoianǵa jazǵan óte qupiia hatynda da osy derekterdi keltiredi. Osy qupiia hatta 1930-1933 jyldardaǵy ashtyqtan qyrylǵany bar, aýrýdan qaitys bolǵany bar jáne de údere bosyp ketýleriniń saldarynan aýyl halqynyń 3 million 559 myń adamǵa kemip ketkenin baiandaidy. 1933 jyly 9 naýryzda Stalinge jazǵan hatynda Turar Rysqulov bir ǵana Balqash aýdanyn mekendegen 60 myń adamnyń 36 myńy ashtyqtan qaitys bolǵanyn, 12 myń adam bas saýǵalap bosyp ketkenin ashyq aityp, ashyna jazǵan bolatyn. Arhiv jáne janama sanaq derekterine súiensek, úsh jylǵa sozylǵan asharshylyqtyń kesirinen halqymyzdyń 2 million 200 myńy ashtyqtan jáne sonyń zardabynan bolǵan túrli juqpaly aýrýlardan qyrylyp qalsa, 800 myńǵa jýyǵy jan saýǵalap, elden tysqary aimaqtarǵa bosyp ketti.
Demek, úsh jyl ishinde ata qonysynda turyp jatqan qazaq halqy teń jartysynan aiyryldy. Mundai aýyr qasiretti birde-bir halyq basynan ótkermegen eken. Aita ketýimiz kerek, mundai asharshylyq Qazaqstanda turyp jatqan basqa ulttarǵa da qasiret ákeldi. Mysaly qazaqstandyq uiǵyrlardyń 13-%, ýkraindyqtardyń, nemisterdiń 11-%, tatarlardyń 10-%, ózbekterdiń 8-%, orystardyń 6-% asharshylyqqa ushyrady.
Qazir demograf mamandar qoldan jasalǵan osy asharshylyq bolmasa, osy kúnderi bizdiń halqymyz 45 millionǵa jetýi múmkin ekendigin dáleldep, aityp júr. Sonymen birge, bul zulmat qazaq ultynyń ósimin kem degende 100 jylǵa keiin shegerip tastaǵan da kórinedi.
1928 jyly Qazaqstanda 40 millionǵa jýyq mal bolsa, 1933 jyldyń aqpan aiynda 4 million ǵana mal qalǵan eken.
Jyldar ótip, urpaqtar da almasyp jatyr. Tarihtyń búgingi talabyna sai bolsyn desek, osy bir asharshylyqtyń zalaly men zardabyn áli de bolsa naqtylai túsý qajet. Bul oraida 1992 jyly Qazaqstan Respýblikasynyń Joǵarǵy Keńesiniń Tóralqasy janynan qurylǵan Komissiia halqymyzdyń asharshylyqqa uryndyrǵan ótken ǵasyrdyń 20-30 jyldar aralyǵynda qabyldanǵan qaýlylar men qararlardy zertteý jóninde aýqymdy jumystar atqardy. Degenmen, áli de bolsa Qazaqstan tarihyndaǵy osy bir náýbetti kezeńdi este qaldyrý úshin Úkimet aldaǵy ýaqytta myna máselelerge nazar aýdarsa:
Birinshi,Úkimet deńgeiinde otandyq jáne halyqaralyq mol tájiribesi bar sarapshylardy tarta otyryp tarihi qujattar men faktilerdiń, ashtyqty kózben kórgen adamdardyń estelikteriniń negizinde Asharshylyqtyń qurbany bolǵan otandastarymyzdyń birtutas memlekettik reestrin jasaý úshin Asharshylyq máselesine qatysty Ǵylymi-zertteý ortalyǵyn qurý kerek.
Ekinshi,Úkimet deńgeiinde qýǵyn-súrginderdiń qasiretine jáne asharshylyq qurbandaryna resmi quqyqtyq, saiasi baǵa beriletin arnaiy sheshim shyǵarylýy kerek. Biz muny totalitarlyq júieniń qoldan uiymdastyrǵan ashtyqtyń milliondaǵan qurbandary bolǵan jazyqsyz jandardyń rýhy aldyndaǵy ózimizdiń azamattyq paryzymyz dep túsinemiz.
Úshinshi, zulmat asharshylyqtyń qaiǵy-qasireti men saldary áli de bolsa keńinen aitylyp, barlyq aqparat quraldary men arnaiy kinofilmder arqyly jas urpaqqa tereń jetkizý bizdiń mindetimiz dep bilemin.
Asharshylyq tarihy men onyń zardabyn ózge bir halyqtan kek alý úshin saiasi oiyn quraldaryna ainaldyrýǵa bolmaidy. Bul qasirettiń saiasi sipatynan áleýmettik-rýhani saldary anaǵurlym joǵary turǵandyǵyn únemi eskerýimiz kerek. Bizdiń ótken tarihymyzda qasiretti kezeńder men qaishylyqtardyń bolǵandyǵyn shynaiy tarihi dáleldi derektermen, tereń saraptalǵan zertteýlermen aityp, jetkize bilsek, bul bizdiń jastarymyzdyń otanshyl bolyp ósýine úlken yqpal jasaýǵa negiz bolary anyq. Jáne de halqymyzdyń óz tarihynda júrip ótken aýyr da, kúrdeli ári zardapty joldaryn jan-jaqty zerttep, odan durys qorytyndy jasap, odan taǵylym men ǵibrat ala bilsek, munyń búgingi táýelsizdigimizdiń qadyr-qasietin tereń túsinýimizge de zor yqpal etetini sózsiz.
Qoldan jasalǵan asharshylyq tek jyl saiyn eske alýmen ǵana shekteletin naýqandyq shara emes. Ol el tarihyndaǵy túiini tarqatylmaǵan qara daq. Asharshylyqty kei saiasatshylar ultqa arnaiy jasalǵan genotsid retinde baǵa berýde. Qalai bolǵanda da qazaq halqynyń teń jartysynan astamynyń ómirin úzgen qasiretke laiyqty saiasi baǵasy berilýge tiis.
Ádilbek Qaba
