Talant - eń aldymen arnaiy qabiletterdiń joǵary deńgeide damýy; óziniń sonylyǵymen, joǵary dárejede damýy qoǵamdyq mánmen erekshelenetin ónim alýǵa múmkindik beretin qabiletter jiyntyǵy bolsa, daryndylyq ózindik erekshelik, qabiletter úilesimi. Daryndylyq - qabilettiń joǵary deńgeiimen, talant mýzyka, óner, sport siiaqty salalardaǵy joǵary deńgeimen bailanystyrylady.
Pedagogikalyq entsiklopediiada: «Daryndylyq degenimiz – adamdardyń qabiletterin jete jaqsy damýynyń joǵary satysy», - dep atap kórsetiledi. Osy qabilettilik arqyly adamdar kóptegen jaqsy jetistikterge jete alady.
Daryndylyq – sapaly qabiletterdiń ózindik birlesýi: onyń arqasynda is-áreket jaqsarady. Tulǵanyń damýynyń óz orny bar ekendigin bile otyryp, daryndy balalardyń tek ótkenge emes, bolashaqqa da qyzyǵýshylyǵymen, is-áreketterdiń jańa tásilderin kóbeitýge qabiletterimen erekshelenetindigin atap ótý qajet. Sonymen birge jan-jaqty damýdyń maqsattaryna da jaýap beredi.
Shyǵarmashylyq qabilet – bul búkil tirshiliktiń kózi. Adam balasynyń sóilei bastaǵan kezinen bastap búgingi kúnge deiingi jetken jetistikteri – shyǵarmashylyqtyń nátijesi bolyp tabylady.
Qandai da bolsyn bir nársege qabileti joq adam bolmaidy. Ol bireýde kúshti, bireýde shamaly bolyp kelýi múmkin. Al oqýshy boiyndaǵy osyndai qabiletti anyqtaý ár muǵalim boiyndaǵy sheberlikti qajet etedi.
Daryndy balalardy anyqtaǵanda jáne olarmen jeke jumys júrgizgende sol bala janyndaǵy ortanyń pedagogikalyq, psihologiialyq, áleýmettik jaǵdaiyna nazar aýdaryp, synyptaǵy atmosferasy men damytýshylyq jigeri jaǵymdy tanylýy tiis.
Óz pánimdegi sabaq úrdisinde talantty, daryndy oqýshyny anyqtaý jolyn izdeýdegi maqsatym – oqýshylarǵa sapaly da tiianaqty bilim berýdiń negizi – óz pánimdi jan-jaqty igertý, oqýshy sanasyna jetkize bilý, shyǵarmashylyq oilaýyn qalyptastyrý, tiimdi oqytýdyń álýmettik, emotsionaldyq tásilderin júzege asyra bilý.
Ustaz retinde oqytyp júrgen oqýshylarymnyń ózindik erekshelikterin zerttep, bilip alǵan soń ǵana olardy damytý deńgeiine orai ádis-tásilderdi iriktep, taldap qoldanýǵa, jetildirýge erekshe nazar aýdaryp kelemin. I.S.Leites qabiletti balalardyń úsh sanatyn kórsetken, olar:
Aqyl-oi deńgeiiniń joǵarlyǵy erte kezden baiqalatyn balalar;
Mekteptiń jekelegen pánderine jáne ártúrli is-áreketine qabiletti balalar;
Qabiletteri aiqyndalmaǵan potentsialdy balalar.
Sabaq úrdisinde osyndai daryndy, talantty oqýshylardy anyqtaý úshin áýeli jospar quryp aldym:
Daryndy balany izdep tabý jáne irikteý.
Daryndy balalarmen júieli túrde qosymsha sabaqtar ótkizý.
Problemalyq oqytý ádisterin paidalana otyryp oqytý.
Izdenis jumystaryn óz betterinshe izdenip oqýdy uiymdastyrý, damytý.
Mektepishilik jáne aýdandyq, oblystyq, respýblikalyq konkýrstar men saiystarǵa qatystyrý.
Jańasha ádistermen oqytý.
Qazaq tili sabaǵynda jospar boiynsha jumys júrgizý negizinde úi tapsyrmasyn «Erkin mikrofon», «Bir sózben» ádisteri arqyly oqýshylar oiyn jinaqtatamyn. Osy kezde oqýshy boiyndaǵy shapshańdyq pen artistik qabilet, aitylǵan jaýapqa bailanysty suraq túrlerin júieli qurastyra bilý daǵdylary qalyptasady. «Kezbe tilshi» ádisinde interviý alý barysynda oqýshy ózin suraqtar tizbesin qoiýshy ǵana bolyp qoimai, artistik qabiletin de ashýǵa múmkindik alady. Oqýshy daýys yrǵaǵyn qubylta bilýi men bet júzi mimikasymen de ózin kórsete alady.
Mektep qurylymynda bolyp jatqan ózgerister, bilim berý maqsattarynyń almasýy, onyń damytýshylyq sipattarynyń bekitimdi, jańa formatty oqytýǵa kóshý siiaqty máseleleri muǵalimderden shyǵarmashylyqty, jumystyń joǵary sapasyn jáne kásibilikti talap etedi.
«Halyqty halyqpen, adamdy adammen teńestiretin - bilim» dep M. Áýezov atap kórsetkenindei, egemen eldiń keleshegi kemel bilim men ulaǵatty tárbiege bailanysty.
Balanyń boiyndaǵy tabiǵat bergen erekshe qabiletti, daryndylyqty tani bilý, onyń ári qarai damýyna baǵyt-baǵdar berý qajettiligin ár muǵalim osydan-aq túsinýi kerek. Ol úshin daryndy oqýshymen jumystyń áleýmettik qajettiligin sezinýi, nátijeli ádis-tásilderdi talmai izdenýi, joǵary nátijelerge jetýge umtylýy, ata-anasymen tyǵyz bailanys ornatýy, oqýshymen jii qarym-qatynasta bolýy siiaqty talaptardy oryndaidy.
J. Rýsso balanyń óz betinshe bilim-tanymdyq, shyǵarmashylyq áreket ideiasyna úlken mán berdi. Rýsso didaktikasynda oqytý úrdisinde eń birinshi orynǵa tanymdyq qabilettilikti, belsendilik pen ózbettilik ustanymdarnyń mańyzdylyǵyna kóńil bóldi. Mirjaqyp Dýlatov qazaq arasynda kóbine kózge túspei, tússe de elenbei júrgen ǵylym-bilimge, ónerge zerek, daryndy balalardy oqytyp tárbieleýdiń máni jaiynda sóz ete kelip, daryndylyqtyń keibir psihologiialyq astaryna úńiledi. Ol «Týysynda qansha zerektik bolsa da – ǵylymsyz, tárbiesiz kemeline jetpeidi. Kimde-kim óziniń tabiǵatynda ne nársege sheberlik baryn sezip, óz jolyna tússe ǵana, kózge ainytpai sala bilse, jaqsy jazýshy da adamnyń ishki syryn, minezin, ádetin buljytpai kórsete biledi, oqyǵanda kórip turǵandai bolasyń...» dep túiindeidi.
Daryndy balalardy anyqtaý úshin bastaýysh synyptan bastap zertteý jumystary júieli júrýi kerek. Mektep tabaldyryǵyn alǵash attaǵan oqýshylardyń oqýǵa degen qushtarlyǵy qazirgi tańda óte joǵary. Oǵan ata-anasynyń mán bere jasaǵan daiyndyǵy, úlkenderdiń qýanyshty kózqarasy, mekteptiń bedeli, jańa kiimder men ádemi oqýlyqtar balanyń qyzyǵýyn arttyryp, bilim alýǵa jeteleitini sózsiz.
Osy oraida bastaýysh synyp muǵalimderi sheberligimen, jańa ádis-tásildi sabaqtarymen, ushqyr oily oiyndarymen oqýshy zeiinin jaýlap alyp, bilýge degen qushtarlyqtaryn shyńdai túsýi qajet. Birinshi synyp oqýshylarynyń barlyǵy derlik mektepaldy daiarlyqtan ótip kelgendikten, oqý qiynǵa soǵa qoimaidy. Áripterdi tez tanyp, ádemi jazyp ketedi. Bilikti ustaz oqýshynyń jas ereksheligine sai oqý júgin anyqtap, shyǵarmashylyq jumystarmen tolyqtyryp otyrady. Izdenispen jasalǵan ár sabaqta oqýshy muǵalim áreketine ilesip, nátijeli jetistikke jetip otyratynyń baiqamai da qalady. Muǵalimniń atqarǵan eńbeginiń jemisi osynda. Qazirgi zamanǵa sai oqytýdyń jańa tehnologiialaryn oqyp-úirenip, kúndelikti sabaqtarda shyǵarmashylyqpen paidalanyp otyrsa, nátijesin bereri sózsiz. Bilim sapasy men deńgeiin anyqtap, salystyrmaly monitoringter jasap otyrý oqýshy qabiletin zertteýge kóp kómegin tigizedi.
Oqýshynyń óz betimen jumys isteý daǵdysy – júieli jumystardyń qorytyndysy, jeke tulǵanyń qalyptasýynyń bastaýy. Al oqýshynyń shyǵarmashylyq qabiletterin arttyra otyryp, oqý materialdaryn ózderi igere alýǵa múmkindik týǵyzýdyń sheshýshi faktory – oqytýdyń jańa ádistemelik júielerin qurý bolyp tabylady.
Jas órkenniń boiyndaǵy tabiǵat berer erekshe qabiletti, daryndylyqty tani bilý, onyń ary qarai damýyna baǵyt-baǵdar bere bilý erekshe qiyn da qyzyqty is. Alaida, ár balanyń jeke qabiletin anyqtap, ony sol baǵytta jeteleý – ustaz paryzy. Balany zaman talabyna qarai kóregendikpen ikemdep, óz zamanynyń ozyq ónegesin sanasyna sińire bilý, olardy shyǵarmashylyq baǵytta jan-jaqty damytý – búgingi kúnniń basty talaby.
Aijan ORALOVA,
Shyǵys Qazaqstan oblysy,
Tarbaǵatai aýdany, Úshtóbe aýyly,
«Ókpeti» orta mektebiniń muǵalimi
