Foto: egemen.kz
Mentaldy (psihikalyq) densaýlyq – jeke adamnyń da, qoǵamnyń da ál-aýqatynyń negizgi kórsetkishteriniń biri. Ol halyqtyń ómir sapasyna, áleýmettik turaqtylyqqa jáne fizikalyq saýlyqqa tikelei yqpal etedi. Alaida bul mańyzdy salada sheshimin tappaǵan másele kóp.
Álemdik jaǵdai jáne dabyl qaǵatyn derekter
Bul týraly jazǵan Finprom.kz málimetinshe, búginde álem halqynyń shamamen 1 milliardy psihikalyq aýytqýlardan zardap shegedi. Sarapshylardyń aitýynsha, psihikalyq syrqattardyń jartysy 14 jasqa deiingi kezeńde bastalady. Alaida osy máseleniń ózektiligine qaramastan, psihikalyq densaýlyq salasynda jumys isteitin mamandar álemdik densaýlyq saqtaý júiesindegi mamandardyń nebary 1%-yn ǵana quraidy. Bul saladaǵy tapshylyqtyń saldary – 100 myń adamǵa shaqqanda birde-bir psihiatr joq elderde ómir súrip jatqan halyqtyń úlesi – 45%.
Psihikalyq densaýlyq problemalary sýitsid kórsetkishteriniń artýyna, qylmystyq qurylymdarǵa tartylý, moraldyq ahýaldyń tómendeýi, senimsizdik pen agressiia deńgeiiniń ósýi siiaqty saldarǵa ákeledi.
Qazaqstan – jahandyq reitingtiń sońynda
Mental State of the World 2024 esebine sáikes, byltyr jahandyq MHQ indeksi (mentaldy densaýlyq pen ál-aýqatty keshendi baǵalaý kórsetkishi) 200 balldyń ishinen 63-ti qurady. Bul – ortasha deńgei (50-100 ball aralyǵy) sanalady. Adamdar aiyna orta eseppen 21 kúndei ǵana ónimdi áreket ete alatynyn bildiredi.
Qazaqstan 83 eldiń ishinde 76-78 oryndardy ielenip, eń sońǵy ondyqqa endi. Eldegi MHQ indeksi – 52,3 ball. Bul kórsetkish Qazaqstan halqynyń mentaldy densaýlyǵynda eleýli problema bar ekenin kórsetedi. Bizdiń elimiz bul kórsetkish boiynsha Braziliia jáne Ońtústik Afrikamen deńgeiles.
Ortalyq Aziia boiynsha da jaǵdai máz emes. Mysaly, Ózbekstanda – 54,5, Qyrǵyzstan men Tájikstanda – 51,2 ball. Al TMD elderi ishinde eń joǵary kórsetkish Moldovada – 75,6 ball.
Qazaqstandaǵy psihikalyq densaýlyq salasynyń jaǵdaiy
QR Densaýlyq saqtaý ministrligine qarasty Respýblikalyq psihikalyq densaýlyq ǵylymi-praktikalyq ortalyǵynyń dereginshe, 2023 jyly elimizde psihikalyq densaýlyqqa arnalǵan meditsinalyq mekemelerde 6,1 myń tósek-oryn tirkelgen (onyń 5,5 myńy – eresekterge, 551-i – balalarǵa arnalǵan). Jyl ishinde 43,8 myń adam aýrýhanaǵa jatqyzylǵan, bul 2022 jylmen salystyrǵanda 0,5%-ǵa az. Eresekterdi statsionarda ustaý merzimi ortasha eseppen – 44,1 kún, balalardiki – 20,1 kúndi qurady.
Bul kórsetkishter psihiatriialyq kómektiń bar ekenin kórsetkenimen, eldegi mentaldyq densaýlyq máselesiniń túbegeili sheshimin taba almai otyrǵanyn da ańǵartady.
Sýitsid – asa ózekti másele
Eń ózekti problemalardyń biri – sýitsid deńgeii. 2025 jyldyń alǵashqy bes aiynda Qazaqstanda 1,3 myń adam óz-ózine qol jumsaǵan. Bul ótken jylmen salystyrǵanda 3,8%-ǵa azaiǵanymen, sandyq kórsetkish áli de alańdatarlyq. Sarapshylar sýitsidke itermeleitin negizgi sebepter retinde materialdyq qiyndyqtar (134 jaǵdai), jalǵyzdyq pen ózekti bolmaý sezimin (104 jaǵdai), sondai-aq otbasylyq kelispeýshilikterdi (45 jaǵdai) atap ótedi.
Alaida eń kúrdeli másele – jasóspirimder arasyndaǵy sýitsid deńgeiiniń artýy. Kámeletke tolmaǵandar arasyndaǵy óz-ózine qol jumsaý 8,5%-ǵa kóbeiip, 89 balaǵa jetken. Al ózine qol jumsaýǵa talpynǵandar sany – 195 jaǵdai (ótken jylmen salystyrǵanda 6%-ǵa kóp). Bul – dabyl qaǵatyn jaǵdai.
Jasóspirimder kóbine qolaisyz turmystyq jaǵdaiǵa, ata-anamen nemese jaqyndarymen kikiljińge, jalǵyzdyqqa, qorqynysh pen uiat sezimderine (onyń ishinde jazalanýdan, jurtqa kúlki bolýdan) bailanysty mundai qadamǵa barady. Bul – jastardyń psihologiialyq jáne áleýmettik turǵyda óte osal ekenin dáleldeitin naqty derekter.
Máseleni qalai sheshýge bolady?
Sarapshylar mentaldyq densaýlyqqa bailanysty keń taralǵan qiyndyqtarǵa úrei men qorqynysh, jaǵymsyz oilar, kúizelis, úmitsizdik, kiná men ózin-ózi jazalaý, oqshaýlaný siiaqty belgilerdi jatqyzady.
Osy máselelerdi sheshý úshin:
psihologiialyq kómekke qoljetimdilikti arttyrý,
mektep pen JOO deńgeiinde mentaldyq densaýlyq týraly bilim berý,
sýitsidtiń aldyn alýǵa baǵyttalǵan baǵdarlamalardy jetildirý,
psihiatr jáne psiholog mamandardyń sanyn arttyrý qajet.
Psihikalyq saýlyq – eldiń ulttyq qaýipsizdigi men keleshek damýynyń kepili. Bul salaǵa degen kózqaras tek meditsinalyq deńgeide emes, tutas qoǵamdyq qundylyq retinde qaita qarastyrylýy tiis. Mentaldyq densaýlyqty saqtaý – árbir adamnyń quqyǵy ári memlekettiń jaýapkershiligi.
Aýdarǵan
Aqbota Musabekqyzy
