Biyl Abai Qunanbaiulynyń týǵanyna 175 jyl. Abai týraly qanshama qundy eńbekter jaryq kórdi. Oishyl tulǵanyń áli de zerttep, zerdeleýdi qajet etetin qyrlary bar. Onyń áýeli aqyndyǵyn, oishyldyǵyn aityp, urpaqtarymyzǵa neǵurlym Abaidy tanytqymyz keledi. Biraq, osy jolda erekshe eskerilýi tiis, ásirese mektep oqýshylaryna qajet dúnieni jetkize almappyz. Bul jóninde abaitanýshy, aqyn Almahan Muhametqaliqyzymen áńgimelesken edik.
- Almahan Muhametqaliqyzy, barlyq eńbegińizdi abaitaný salasyna arnap kelesiz. Kez kelgen eńbektiń jemisi bolatyny aqiqat. Siz mektep oqýshylary úshin bala Abaidy tanytý jóninde oqý baǵdarlamasyn ázirlep, usyndyńyz. Onda ne qamtylady?
- Suraǵyńyzǵa rahmet. Áýeli bul baǵdarlamanyń júiesine toqtalaiyn. «Abai álemi» degen taqyrypta 1-synyptan 11-synypqa deiingi usynylǵan oqý baǵdarlamasyn ázirledim. Baǵdarlama – 1-5 synyptarǵa «Bala Abai», 6-8 synyptarǵa «Aqyn Abai» jáne 9-11 synyptarǵa «Hákim Abai» degen úsh kezeńnen turady. Osy úsh kezeńde de oqýshylardyń jas erekshelikterine qarai Abaidyń alǵan tárbiesi men taǵylymy qamtylady. Jalpy, Abaiǵa kelý qysqa merzimge syimaidy. Abaidy taný uzaq eńbektiń jemisi, nátijesi dep bilemin. Men qansha jyl osy baǵytta jumys istep júrgenimmen, Abaiǵa jaqyndatqan, tereńirek zertteý jasaýyma yqpal etken osy elordamyz. Osy jaqqa kelip, eldiń joǵyn túgendeimin dep júrip, Abaiǵa qalai kirip ketkenimdi bilmei qaldym. Buǵan deiin Semeide qyzmet istep júrgende mekteptermen tyǵyz qarym-qatynasta bolmaǵan edim. Osy jaqqa kelgennen keiin baiqasam, mektep muǵalimderiniń izdeitini Abaiǵa qatysty materialdar ekenine, Abaidy mektepte oqytýdyń ádis-tásilderin izdeitinine kózim anyq jetti. Negizi búginge deiin abaitaný baǵdarlamasyn jasaǵan avtorlar az bolmaǵan. Abaitaný kýrsyn alǵash jasaǵan Muhtar Áýezov edi ǵoi. Ol kýrsyn joǵary oqý oryndarynyń stýdentterine arnaǵan bolatyn. Qazirgi ǵalymdar, abaitaný baǵdarlamasyn ázirleýshilerdiń bir kemshiligi me dep oilaimyn, Abaidy tek aqyn retinde jetkizedi. Mekteppen tyǵyz jumys istep kele jatqandaǵy túsingenim bala Abaidy nege balalarǵa oqytpaimyz degenge kelip tireldi. Oqýshylardyń jas erekshelikterine qarap, bala Abaidy nege oqytpasqa degen oi mazalady. Birinshiden, balaǵa qyzyǵýshylyq týdyrady, ekinshiden, Abaidy birinshi balalar moiyndaý kerek qoi. Úshinshiden, biz Abaidy danyshpan, uly, álem tanityn aqyn, qazaq ultynyń ustazy dep biikke qoiyp aldyq ta, ózimiz soǵan jete almai júrmiz. Oǵan jetý úshin saty kerek. Balalarǵa Abaidy oqyǵanda onyń da bala bolǵanyn, osyndai dárejege úlken izdenispen kelgenin aita otyryp, Abaidyń danyshpandyq deńgeiine jetkize alamyz. Ondan keiingi másele, biz Muhtar Áýezovtyń Abai jolyn oqyǵan kezde 10-13 jasyndaǵy mederesseden qaityp kele jatqan Abaidy ǵana bilemiz. Oǵanǵa deiingi bala Abaidyń ómiri bizge jumbaq. Semeide júrgende Abaidyń memlekettik qoryq mýzeiinde qyzmet ettim. Sol kezde men arhivpen tanystym. Abaidyń kózin kórgenderdiń esteligin oqydym. Beken Isabaev, Qaiym Muhamedhanov siiaqty úlken ǵalym aǵalardyń shákirti boldym. Abaidy shynaiy tanityn ǵalymdardyń mańaiynda júrdim. Sondyqtan, Abaidy qai qyrynan tanytý kerek degen másele oilandyrdy. Muhtar Áýezovtiń «Abai muhit bolsa, men sol muhittan shómishtep aldym», degeni bar. Muhtar shómishtep qana alǵan bolsa, qalǵanyn urpaqtyń enshisine qaldyryp otyr ǵoi. Al biz Muhtar Áýezovten asyryp ne aitamyz dep, ózimizdi shektep qoiamyz. Sóitemiz de Áýezov jasap ketken baǵdarlamany usynǵymyz keledi, sol arqyly Abaidy tanytqymyz keledi. Mysaly, Abai aqyn degende biz ortadan oiyp alamyz aitamyz. Onyń balalyǵy, ósken ortasy, atasy men ájesi týraly jáne bala Abaidyń qandai tárbie alǵany týraly jaq ashpaimyz. Izdenip qaraityn bolsaq, Abaidyń barlyq qyrynan tanytýǵa bolady.
Qazirgi múiizi qaraǵaidai ǵalymdar Abaidy tek toǵyzynshy synyptan bastap oqytý kerek, odan tómen synyptarǵa oqytý qiyn bolady, dep tujyrymdapty. Biz nege jolyn tappaimyz, nege tómen synyptarǵa Abaidy tanyta almaimyz, degen suraq mazalaidy. Iá, Abaidy taný jáne tanytý kúrdeli shyǵar, Abaidyń joly ońai jol emes. Nege ǵalymdar birinshi aqyn Abaidy usynady, odan keiin Abaidyń tolyq adam ilimine kóshedi, Abaidyń batysy men shyǵysyn aitady. Nege Abaidyń alǵashqy tunyǵy – aýyz ádebietinen bastamasqa. Aýyz ádebieti Abaidai dala danyshpanynyń alǵashqy mektebi ǵoi. Ultty tárbieleitin de osy aýyz ádebieti emes pe. Abai sol aýyz ádebietimen sýsyndap ósti. Aýyz ádebieti arqyly Abaidyń balalyq qabileti oianǵan joq pa. Abai dúniege kelmei turyp, esiminiń aian arqyly qoiylýynyń ózi ǵibratty dúnie. Eshen áýlie Túrkistanǵa baryp, Qoja Ahmet Iassaýidiń ákesi Ibrahim áýlieniń basyna baryp túnep jatyp tús kóredi. Túsinde Qunanbaidyń aýylynda biik taý paida bolypty. Sol taýdyń basynda Qunanbai otyr eken. Qunanbaidyń artynda bir jigit turdy. Ol jigittiń basy Quananbaidan joǵary tur eken. Biraq túrin anyq kóre almadym deidi. Sonda tórde otyrǵan ájesi nemeremniń atyn Ibrahim qoiamyn deidi ǵoi. Bul jerde biz birinshi synyptyń balasyna esimińdi qalai qoidy degen suraq qoimaimyz ba. Bala dúniege kelgende aldymen óziniń esiminiń qalai qoiylǵanyn jáne ol qandai maǵyna beretinin bilýi kerek. Qazaq ony atyńa zatyń sai bolsyn dep, bir-aq aýyz sózben aityp ketken. Qazirgi balalar attaryna zattary sai bolyp júr me? Ózine qoiylǵan esimniń mán-maǵynasyn uǵa ma, degen siiaqty máseleleni nege biz balabaqshadan nemese bastaýysh synyptan bastamaimyz. Bul jerde Abaidyń batysy men shyǵysyn bailanystyrýdyń qajeti qanshalyqty kerek. Mysaly, shyn esimi Ibrahim bolǵanymen ájesi Zere saq bolsyn, abai bolsyn degen yrymmen Abai dep atap ketti. Osy jerden balalardy yrym-tyiymmen tárbieleý, jaqsy azamat bolýyna, saq ári taza júrýine úiretedi.
- Oqý baǵdarlamasynda osyndai tárbielik máni zor dúnieler qamtylǵan ǵoi, iá?
- Durys aitasyń. Negizinen bala Abaidy mysalǵa keltire otyryp, tárbielik mańyzy joǵary qundylyqtar qamtylǵan. Oqý baǵdarlamasynda Qunanbai myqty bolmasa odan Abaidai tulǵa týa ma, degen máselege de erekshe nazar aýdarylǵan. Taǵy bir aita ketetein jait, «Abai joly» romanyndaǵy Qunanbaidan ómirdegi Qunanbaidy ajyrata tani bilý kerek. Qunanbai dúniege kelgende Zereniń tús kóretini bar. Ákesi Óskenbai tórde altyn saqa iirip otyr eken. Sondai tús kórgen Zere Qunanbaidy dáretsiz emizbegen. Biz tek sheshesi Qunanbaidy dáretsiz emizbegen dep aitamyz, biraq onyń arǵy jaǵyn bilmeimiz. Iaǵni, Qunanbai da, onyń ákesi Óskenbai da keremet bolyp tur ǵoi. Qunanbai 14 jasynda Keńgirbai biden bata alǵan. Zere Qunanbaidy úsh ret jetektep baryp bata alǵyzady. Sol batamen kógergen Qunanbai sultan bolady. Qazirgiler bata bile me, balalarǵa berilgen batanyń qasietin túsinemiz be, qazir. Munyń barlyǵy qazaqtyń tunyp turǵan ádet-ǵurpy. Biz ulttyq kodty Abaidan tabýymyz kerek. Abaida bári tur. At qoiýdan bastap, tús kórý, ertegi, ańyz, jumbaq, jaǵyltpash, maqal-mátel, ulttyq oiyndar deisiz be, barlyǵynda ult urpaǵyn tárbieleitin qundylyqtar bar. Abai osy qundylyqtardy bala kúninen boiyna sińirip ósken. Biz qazir balalarǵa árip tanytamyz da, birden aqyn Abaidy oqyta bastaimyz. Abai ǵulama, danyshpan, aqyn dep balalarǵa Abaidyń biigin birden kórsetýge tyrysamyz. Balalar Abaidai bolý qaida, degen oida qalady. Al, Abai da bala bolǵanyn, ol osy deńgeige qandai joldarmen, qandai ulttyq tárbiemen kelgenin aitpaimyz.
- Balalardy qyzyqtyrýdyń bir joly bolar dep oilaimyn. Mysaly, bala Abai qalai oinady, ne oinady degen másele oqý baǵdarlamasynda aityla ma?
- Árine, bári aitylady. Bala Abai asyq oinady, toǵyzqumalaq oinady. Bul oiyndar adamnyń qabiletin arttyrady. Burynǵy qazaq balasynyń ishinde asyq oinamaǵany joq. Asyǵyn alshysynan túsirý balanyń maqsatqa jetýine umtyldyrady. Qazaq «Asyǵyń alshysynan» tússin dep bata beredi. Turaǵul óz esteliginde Abaidyń zamandastary dep aityp keledi de, Abaidyń asyq oinaǵan dos-jarandary edi deidi. Abaidyń aýylynda Kórpebai degen toǵyzqumalaqshy bolǵan eken. Abaidyń mańaiyna dostary jii jinalatynyn biletin Kórpebai arnaiy kelip, Abaidyń shákirtteriniń bárimen toǵyzqumalaq oinap shyǵady eken. Abaidyń «Adal júrip, adal tur shotyń durys shyǵýǵa» dep otyrǵany osy toǵyzqumalaqtyń máni. Ol esepte ǵana emes, ómirde de adal bolýǵa úndeidi. Sonda ómirdegi esebiń durys shyǵady deidi, Abai. Qazir qarttar úii nege bar, jetimder úii nege bar? Osynyń barlyǵy adal turyp, adal júrmegenniń kesiri. Ony Abai baiaǵyda aityp ketken. Osy turǵyda balalardy adamdyqqa jaqyn etip oqytpaimyz. Biz ǵylymi turǵyda ǵana qaraimyz da Abaidy durys asha almaimyz. Abaidyń tolyq adam ilimi deimiz de, soǵan jete almai sarsańǵa túsemiz. Tolyq adam ilimi sonaý Abaidyń bala kúninde qalyptasqanyn eskermeimiz. Mysaly, ájesinen ertegini suraýynyń ózi erekshe. «Buldyr da buldyr kún ótken, burynǵydan kim ótken?» dep suraidy eken. Sonda ájesi buldyr da buldyr kún ótken, burynǵydan Joiamergen degen batyr ótken, dep ertegisin jalǵap ala jóneledi eken. Abaidyń sóz saptaýdy úirenýi de úlken maǵynaǵa toly. Quananbaidyń qasynda ózimen deńgeiles biler men sultandar júredi. Olar Qunanbaidyń aýylyna jii qonaqqa keledi. Abai mundai jiyndardan qalmaidy eken. Qunanbai bilerge suraq qoiǵanda balasyna da nazar aýdaryp otyratyn kórinedi. Osy adam ómirde neshe ret óledi?,- dep surapty birde Qnanbai jaǵalai otyrǵan biler men sultandarǵa qarata. Biler ún-túnsiz oilanyp otyrap qalǵan eken. Sál tómende otyrǵan bala Abai tamaǵyn kenei beripti. Iá, ákesiniń balasy sen aitshy degen eken. Sonda bala Abai «Ez kúnde óledi, er bir-aq ret óledi» dep jaýap beripti. Sonda Qunanbai bala Abaidyń jaýabyna asa riza bolmai basyn shaiqap, bul el aýzynda kúnde aitylyp júrgen sóz. Sen óz sózińdi ait dep, eńbek etpegen árbir kúniń ólgenmen teń dep jaýap aitqan eken Qunanbaidyń ózi. Bul jerden ákesi Qunanbaidyń bala Abaidyń jaýabyna qanaǵattanbaýy, ár sózine saq bolýyn baiqaýǵa bolady jáne Qunanbaidyń Abaidy qasyna ertip júrip tárbieleýin bile alamyz. Abai medresseden qaityp kelgende anasyna birinshi amandasýǵa umtylady. Sol kezde anasynyń keremettigi, balam aldymen ákeńe amandas dep baǵytyn túzeýinen ákeniń mártebesi joǵary ekenin, ákeni syilaý kerektigin úiretkengin baiqaimyz. Sodan saǵynyshtaryn basqannan keiin Qunanbai Abaidy shaqyryp alyp, boiyń ósken eken, oiyń da ósken shyǵar. Meniń ákeden jalǵyz ekenimdi, qazirgi jaǵdaiymdy bilesiń el basqarýǵa osy bilimiń de jeter dep oqýdan qaitaryp alýyn aityp jatamyz. Sonda Abaidyń taǵy bir keremettigin baiqaýymyzǵa bolady. Ákesiniń sózin buzbaýy. Oqýǵa sonshalyqty qumar bolyp tursa da, kelisimin berip, men oqymasam da meniń sońymdaǵy inilerim oqysynshy degen ótinishin aitady. Soǵan ruqsat etińiz deidi. Qazirgi balalarǵa dál osylai oqýyńdy toqtat deseńiz tyńdai qoiýy ekitalai. Ózimbilemge salatyny anyq. Bul jerde áke sózinen attamaý tárbiesi tur. Osy mysal arqyly qazirgi balalardy ákeni tyńdaýǵa, syilaýǵa úiretýge bolady.
- Joǵaryda aitqanyńyzdai, bala Abai jumbaq, jańyltpash, maqal-mátel siiaqty qazaqtyń aýyz ádebietimen sýsyndap ósti. Sol arqyly sheshendik, tapqyrlyq siiaqty qasietterin damytty. Iaǵni, osyndai mysaldar arqyly qazirgi balalarǵa qanat bitirý úshin Abai júrgen jolmen júrýdi meńzeý oqý baǵdarlamasynyń basty maqsaty ǵoi?
- Árine. Mindetti túrde Abaimen bailanysty. Abaidyń «Abyralyǵa», «Sháripke», «Qara qatynǵa» degen bala kezinde jazǵan óleńderi bar ǵoi. Sol óleńdi uiqastyrýynyń ózi jańyltpashtan bastaý alady. Jańyltpash jattamasa, maqal-mátel bilmese óleń jaza alar ma edi. Aqyndyqtyń bastaýy jańyltpash. Bul aýyz ádebietiniń keremettigi. Jańyltpashty sol mezette shataspai aityp berý zor qabiletti qajet etedi. Qazirgi tili shubarlanǵan balalar jańyltpash aita almaidy.
Ǵalym aǵalar Abaidyń balalyǵyn tolyq bile bermeitin siiaqty. Óitkeni mektepte muǵalim bolyp kórmegen. Olar birden eseiip ketken Abaidy ǵana tanidy. Odan soń Abaidyń aqyndyǵyna shyǵyp ketedi. Iá, Abai erte eseigen. Erte eseitken ájesi Zere men ákesi Qunanbaidyń tárbiesi. Áke men balanyń bailanysynda Qunanbai men Abaidyń qarym-qatynasyn mysalǵa keltirý arqyly oqytýǵa bolady. Qazirgi ákeler balalaryna qandai suraq qoiady, nemen tárbieleidi? Balalaryn kiindirip, tamaqtaryn toq qylýdy tárbie dep júrgender qanshama. Qazir qyz minezdi jigitter nege kóbeiip ketti dep jatamyz. Ol árine ákemen uldyń arasyndaǵy qarym qatynastyń, tárbieniń durys bolmaýynan. Bala Abaidy metepte oqytýdyń osy jerde bir qyry ashylyp tur.
- Qazir ásirese qalaly jerlerde neshe túrli orta bar. Negizi ǵalymdar balaǵa ósken ortasy úlken yqpal etetinin aitady. Abaidyń bala kezdegi ortasy qandai boldy?
- Qunanbai Abaidy jaqsy ortada ósýine yqpal jasady. Balanyń ortasy durys bolý kerek. Álgi, dosyńdy kórset seniń kim ekenińdi aitaiyn, degen bar ǵoi. Men óz balalaryma únemi aityp otyratyn qaǵidam bar. Eger seniń dosyńnyń bir kemshiligi bolsa, sen sony túzetýge kúsh sal. Sen teris qylyǵy bar dosyńa emes, ol seniń artyńnan eretin bolsyn dep otyramyn. Ár adam ózin dostarym meniń jaqsylyǵymdy, artyqshylyǵymdy úirense eken dep tábieleýi kerek. Qunanbaidyń balalardy tárbieleýdegi maqsaty sol bolǵan. Búkil aýyl balalaryn jinap alyp, Eskitam degen jerden mektep ashty. Búkil aýyl balalaryn tárbieledi. Ony kórgen Abai qalai jaman bolýy kerek. Zereniń keremettigin de aita ketý kerek. Eskitamdaǵy mekteptiń bir bólmesinde Zere men Abai turypty qysta. Kún sýyqta ary-beri júrmesin dep solai uiymdastyrǵan eken. Sonda Zere balalardyń qarny ashyp qalmasyn dep ystyq tamaq jasap beredi eken. Osy jerde aita ketetni bir másele, biz Qunanbaidy tanymai Abaidyń balalyǵyn asha almaimyz. Qunanbaidyń balalarǵa degen qamqorlyǵy men óz balasyna degen syni kózqarasy arqyly qandai tulǵa bolǵanyn bilýge bolady.
Osy baǵdarlamada «Qunanbaidyń serti» degen taqyryp bar. Qunanbaidyń aýylynda Seńgirbai degen balýan bolypty. Qunanbaidyń ózi de balýan, naizager, batyr adam bolǵan ǵoi. Sol Seńgirbai Qunanbaimen jekpe-jekke shyqsam, dep armandap júredi eken. Bir ońasha qalǵanda Qunanbaiǵa aitypty. Jekpe-jekke shyqsaq shyǵaiyq, biraq kimniń jeńilgenin eshkim bilmesin depti, Qunanbai. Biraq at-shapanyn men saǵan bereiin degen eken, jeńse de jeńilse de. Qunanbai siiaqty batyr ári sultanmen shyǵamyn degenniń ózi erlik qoi. Sony Qunanbai baǵalap tur. Sóitip, ekeýi eshkim barmaityn taýdyń jyqpylyna baryp, jekpe-jekke shyǵypty. Biraq bul oqiǵada kim jeńilip, kim jeńgenin eshkim bilmeidi. Keiin Seńgirbai qaitys bolǵan soń bireýler suraidy ǵoi Qunanbaidan, sol joly kim jeńdi dep. Sonda Qunanbai Seńgirbai dúnieden ótti eken dep men sertti buzbaimyn degen eken. Bul sol beti jumbaq bolyp qaldy. Kim jeńgenin áli kúnge deiin eshkim bilmeidi. Jigit degen osyndai sertke berik bolýy kerek. Osy oqiǵa arqyly balalardy sózinde turatyn, sertke berik tulǵa bolyp ósýine úlgi kórsetemiz. Bul endi Abaidyń ákesi Qunanbaidyń erligi. Al Abaidyń taǵy bir erligi bar. Shákárim men Kákitai Abaidyń zerek shákirtteri ǵoi. Birde Abai endi kelgen adamdarǵa tórelik aitýǵa senderge jiberemin, bilikti ekeýiń aitasyńdar deidi. Kákitai aldyna kelgen adamnan Shákárimge bardyń ba dep suraidy eken. Eger bardym dese, onda Shákárimniń aitqan bitimi bitim deidi eken. Shákárim de dál solai isteidi. Iaǵni, birin-biri moiyndai alady. Kórealmastyq, baqtalastyq degen joq. Qazir azamattardyń arasynda birin biri moiyndaý degen joiylyp barady.
Abaidyń ádildigi týraly da aita ketken jón dep oilaimyn. Bir kúni Abaidyń esiginiń aldynan jupyny kiingen bir jigit ótip bara jatady. Sonda Abai álgi jigitti shaqyryp alyp kim ekenin suraidy. Sóitse, Abaidyń malyn baǵatyn adam eken. Dereý Aigerimdi shaqyryp alyp, maldyń etin jegendi bilesiń, pulyn jumsaýdy bilesiń, myna kisiniń ústindegi kiimdi nege bútindep bermeisiń depti. Sóitip, malshyny kiindirip jibergen eken. Qazirgi bailar solai istei me, kerisinshe adal eńbegin bermeitinder bar. Abai ózi aitatyn adamǵa keregi úsh-aq nárse deidi. Olar: ystyq qairat, nurly aqyl, jyly júrek. Ystyq qairat degenimiz – eńbek. Eńbek arqyly adamnyń kókteitinin, ósetinin aityp tur. Odan keiin nurly aqyl degenimiz – bilim. Izdenseń, talpynsań jaman bolmaitynyńdy meńzeidi. Sosyn jyly júrek degeni – meiirim. Seniń qolyńda bar bolsa, meiirlen, ber, baryńmen bólis degeni. Sonda sen tolyq adam bolasyń. Abaidy osyndai qarapaiym mysaldar arqyly tanytýdyń ornyna birden tereńge boilaimyz da, jurtty adastyramyz. Aldymen urpaqqa adamdyq qundylyqtardy sińirý kerek. Munyń bári Abaidyń balalyq shaǵy men keiingi ómirlerinde tunyp tur. Sol sebepti, men mektep oqýshylaryna bala Abaidy tanytý arqyly, uly Abaidy tanýǵa jeteleitin oqý quralyn daiyndadym. Muny tek mektep oqytady dep qarap otyrmaý kerek, múmkindik bolsa árbir ata-ana Abaidy úlgi etip, adam bolýdy úiretse jetip jatyr. Bir sózben aitqanda, bala Abaidy bilmei, dana Abaidy taný múmkin emes.
