Bul kún BUU Bas Assambleiasynyń 2006 jylǵy 20 jeltoqsandaǵy №A/RES/61/225 arnaiy qararynyń negizinde, 2007 jyldan bastap 14 qarashada jyl saiyn atalyp ótedi. Maqsat – álem nazaryn aýdara otyryp, diabet syrqatyna qarsy kúresý.
Qaryshtap damyǵan tehnologiialar zamany qolmen atqarylatyn jumystardy azaityp, adam eńbegin stanoktarǵa almastyrdy. Osynyń saldarynan qozǵalys az, bir jerde otyryp jumys isteidi, artyq tamaq jeidi, jaiaý júrmeidi. Máselen, dúniejúzi boiynsha 1980 jyly bul dertpen aýyratyndar sany 108 million bolsa, 2014 jyly 422 millionǵa jetken.
Ulttyq qant diabeti registriniń málimetinshe, jyl basynda elimiz boiynsha qant diabeti diagnozymen esepte turǵandar sany 309 myńǵa jetken. Olardyń 18 myńy birinshi tiptegi diabetpen, 291 myńy ekinshi tippen aýyrady. Ekinshi tiptegi diabetke shaldyqqandardyń 65 paiyzy – áielder. Sýsamyrǵa shaldyqqan otandastarymyzdyń 6 myńǵa jýyǵy kataraktadan zardap shekse, 3 myńy infarkt alǵan. Bir myń adamnyń aiaǵy nemese qoly kesilgen.
Bizdiń elimizde qant diabeti tegin emdeledi. Kepildendirilgen tegin meditsinalyq kómek paketi sheńberinde diabetke shaldyqqan patsientterge 48 túrli dári men meditsina buiymdary beriledi. Onyń ishinde shprits, test-jolaqsha, gliýkometr, insýlin pompalary men 22 túrli insýlin de bar.
«Astana qalasyndaǵy emdeý mekemelerinde aýrýdyń aldyn alýdyń jańa tásilderi engizilýde, baǵdarlama birinshi kezekte infektsiialyq emes sozylmaly aýrýlardyń aldyn alý jáne olarǵa qarsy kúres sharalaryn kúsheitýge baǵyttalǵan. «Bul jerde ýchaskelik dáriger men meditsina qyzmetkeri jaýap beretin ár patsienttiń ortaq jaýapkershiligine jáne seriktese jumys isteýine erekshe basymdyq beriledi. Máselen, árbir elordalyq emhanada infektsiialyq emes sozylmaly aýrýlarmen aýyratyn naýqastar úshin densaýlyq mektepteri jumys isteidi, onyń ishinde «Diabet mektebi» de bar», - deidi "Áleýmettik meditsinalalyq saqtandyrý qory" KEAQ Astana qalasy boiynsha filialynyń direktory Nurlybek Qabdyqaparov.
Diabet – zat almasý protsesiniń buzylýynan bolatyn endokrindik aýrýlar tobyna jatady. Al insýlin – kómirsý almasý protsesine tikelei jaýap beretin gormon. Onsyz qant organizmdegi jasýshalarǵa sińbei, qan quramynda qalyp qoiady. Saldarynan júike tinderi men organdar jumysy buzylady.
Jalpy, insýlin – ábden zerttelgen gormon. Soǵan qaramastan diabettiń paida bolý sebebi áli kúnge deiin belgisiz kúiinde qalyp otyr. Ádette, dárigerler muny tuqym qýalaýshylyqpen bailanystyrady. Sondai-aq, diabet uiqy bezi aýrýlary, gepatit nemese ózge de aýtoimmýndyq syrqattar, durys tamaqtanbaý men ziiandy ádet saldarynan paida bolýy da múmkin. Bul dertke shaldyqqan adamdardyń aǵzasynda gliýkozanyń sińý protsesi ózgeredi.
Diabettiń negizgi simptomdarynyń biri – giperglikemiia nemese qandaǵy qant deńgeiiniń kóterilýi. Oǵan shaldyqqan adam únemi shóldep júredi, kishi dáretke shekten tys kóp barady, sharshaǵysh keledi, sebepsizden sebepsiz aza bastaidy. Aiaq-qoldyń jansyzdanýy men aýyrýy da – sýsamyr belgileriniń biri. Qan quramynda qant kóbeiip ketkennen keiin júike júiesi zaqymdanyp, diabettik neiropatiiaǵa ulasady. Der kezinde durys diagnoz qoiylsa muny toqtatýǵa, tipti, emdep jazýǵa da bolady. Ýaqytyly emdelmese aiaq-qoldyń aýyrýǵany kúsheiip, jazylyp bolmaityn jaralar paida bolady. Ekinshi tiptegi diabet bastalǵanda naýqastyń kórý qabileti nasharlap, kóz aldy tumandanady. Tiisinshe emdelmese patsient kóz janarynan múldem aiyrylyp qalýy múmkin.
Álemniń keibir elderinde diabettiń aldyn alý maqsatynda birqatar taǵam túrlerin satýǵa tyiym salynǵan. Nemese ziiandy taǵamdarǵa kóp salyq salynady. Máselen, Vengriia biligi quramynda baiytylmaǵan mailar, trans-mailar, qant pen tuzy kóp taǵamdarǵa salynatyn salyqty kóterdi. Azyq-túlikke salyq engizilgen tórt jylda qazynaǵa 200 million evro túsken. Onyń 95 myńy dárigerler jalaqysyna 25 paiyz ústeme retinde qosyldy. Turǵyndardyń basym bóligi salyq salynatyn ónimderdi azaityp, paidaly tamaqqa bet burǵan.
Al, Frantsiia, Portýgaliia, Meksika, Chili, Vetnam syndy birqatar elderde qant salyǵy qoldanylady. Shri-Lankada «Sen oilaǵandai tátti emes» degen sloganmen áleýmettik jarnama jasalǵan. Avtorlar aiaǵy kesilgen prándik-adam, kóziniń qarashyǵy joq figýralar arqyly diabettiń ampýtatsiia, insýlt, soqyrlyq syndy saldary jaily baiandaýǵa tyrysqan. Biyl sáýir aiynda Britaniia biligi de qant salyǵyn saldy. Britandyqtar túsken qarjyny salaýatty ómir saltyn qalyptastyrý, mektepke deiingi balalardy durys tamaqtandyrý baǵdarlamalaryn yntalandyrýǵa jumsamaq. Salyq salynatyn taǵamdar tiziminde alkogolsiz sýsyndar, atap aitqanda, quramyndaǵy qant mólsheri 100 millilitrge 5 gramnan týra keletin sýsyndar bar. Kóp uzamai Fanta sýsyndaryndaǵy qant mólsherin 6,9 gramnan 4,6 gramǵa deiin tómendetti. Ókinishke qarai, zańdy ainalyp ótetin, qant ornyna qant almastyrǵysh paidalanatyn kompaniialar da jetip artylady.
Biyldan bastap qazaqstandyq mektepterde gazdalǵan tátti sýsyndar men shokolad satýǵa tyiym salyndy. Densaýlyq saqtaý ministri Eljan Birtanovtyń aitýynsha, engizilgen jańa standarttar balalardyń ziiandy taǵamdardy paidalanýyn shektemek.
Diabetti dietanyń, jattyǵýlar men dári-dármektiń kómegimen emdeýge, sol arqyly onyń asqynýyna jol bermeýge bolady. Eń aldymen ár patsient óz densaýlyǵyna ózi jaýapty: ol arnaiy kúndelik ashyp, kún saiyn qan men neseptegi qant deńgeiin, neseptegi atseton mólsherin, salmaǵy men qan qysymyn jazyp júrýi tiis. Bul naýqastyń ahýalyn anyqtap, emdeý shemasyn aýystyrýǵa, emedeý terapiiasyn, dieta men fizikalyq jattyǵýlar baǵytyn rettep otyrýǵa kómektesedi.
Diabet belgilerin baiqaǵan jaǵdaida endokrinolog-dárigerge qaralý qajet. Eń aldymen qandaǵy qant mólsherin anyqtaý úshin analiz tapsyrasyz (qandy ash qarynǵa tapsyrady). Sonymen qatar, dáriger sizge gliýkozaǵa tózimdilik synamasyna, neseptegi gliýkoza quramyn, qandaǵy insýlin, S-peptid jáne glikirlengen gemoglobin mólsherin anyqtaýǵa joldama beredi.
Diagnoz rastalsa patsientti eń aldymen «Diabet mektebine» jiberedi. Árbir emhana janynda jumys isteitin bul kabinetter gliýkometrdiń kómegimen qandaǵy qant deńgeiin ólsheý, durys tamaqtaný men insýlin ekpesin salý joldaryn úiretedi. Bul ekpeler qarynǵa nemese sanǵa salynady.
Diabetpen ómir súrýge bolady. Degenmen ol tártip pen ózin-ózi baqylaýdy talap etedi. Tehnologiia kún saiyn jańaryp jatqan búgingi zamanda diabetke shaldyqqandarǵa barynsha qolaily jaǵdai jasalýda. Máselen, qandaǵy qant deńgeii joǵarylai bastaǵanda smartfonǵa habarlama jiberetin monitoring quraldary bar. Shpritsti az paidalanýǵa múmkindik beretin inektsiialyq porttar jasap shyǵaryldy (iPort Advance tútikshesin úsh kúnge teriniń astyna qoiady, ol qanǵa insýlin jiberip turady). Meditsina ǵylymyndaǵy jetistikterdiń biri – gliýkozaǵa sezimtal keletin "aqyldy gel». Japondyq ǵalymdar ázirlegen polimerli gel teriniń astyna egiledi. Qant deńgeii kóterile bastaǵanda ol insýlinniń qajetti mólsherin qanǵa jiberip otyrady.
Al, amerikandyq dáriger Sara Hollbergtiń ekinshi tiptegi diabetke qarsy kúreste qoldanatyn arnaiy óz dietasy bar. Ol óz patsientterine diabetke «kómektesetin» kómirsýlardan (sonyń ishinde, jarma, kartop, qant) bas tartyp, olardyń ornyna mailardy tutynýdy usynady.
Ǵalymdar zertteýi óz aldyna, memleket, árine, syrqatqa shaldyqqan jandardy qaraýsyz qaldyrmaidy. Desek te, densaýlyq qorǵany – ózimiz. Diabettiń aldyn alý úshin: salaýatty ómir saltyn ustaný, durys tamaqtaný, shekten tys tátti nemese maily tamaqtardan bas tartý, sportpen ainalysý, temekiden bas tartý, dárigerge ýaqytyly qaralyp, qandaǵy qant mólsherin anyqtap otyrý qajet.
Janargúl ÚMBETOVA,
ÁMSQ Astana filialynyń
Turǵyndardy aqparattandyrý
jáne ótinishterdi qarastyrý
bóliminiń bas sarapshysy
