Qaiǵyly oqiǵaǵa tikelei ushaqtardyń emes, birneshe saǵat buryn bolǵan lańkestik shabýyl sebep boldy. Bul oqiǵa áýe kóliginiń qaýipsizdigine qatysty halyqaralyq talaptardy túbegeili ózgertken tarihi tragediia retinde este qaldy, dep habarlaidy ult.kz.
Bir jarylystan bastalǵan qasiret
1977 jyldyń 27 naýryzynda Ispaniianyń Kanar araldaryndaǵy Tenerife aralynda adamzat tarihyndaǵy eń iri azamattyq aviatsiia apaty boldy. Sol kúni Los-Rodeos áýejaiynyń ushý-qoný jolaǵynda eki alyp Boeing 747 ushaǵy bir-birimen soqtyǵysyp, 583 adamnyń ómiri qiyldy.
Gran-Kanariia áýejaiynda jarylys bolyp, áýejai ýaqytsha jabyldy. Sonyń saldarynan onda qonýy tiis halyqaralyq reisterdiń barlyǵy jaqyn mańdaǵy Los-Rodeos áýejaiyna jiberildi.
Bul áýejai mundai kólemdegi ushaqtardy qatar qabyldaýǵa daiyn emes edi. Ushaqtar kóbeiip, turaq oryndary jetpei qaldy. Keibir lainerler tipti rýldeý jolyna qoiyldy. Sonyń saldarynan áýejaida úlken keptelis paida boldy.
Qalyń tuman bárin ózgertti
Tústen keiin aýa raiy kúrt ózgerip, áýejaidy qalyń tuman basty. Kóriný qashyqtyǵy kei jerlerde 100 metrge de jetpedi. Sol kezdegi Los-Rodeos áýejaiynda jerdegi ushaqtardyń qozǵalysyn baqylaityn zamanaýi radar júiesi bolmaǵan. Sondyqtan dispetcherler de, ekipajdar da bir-birin kórmei, tek radiobailanys arqyly áreket etti.
Dál osyndai jaǵdaida Niderlandtyń KLM áýe kompaniiasynyń Boeing 747 ushaǵy ushý-qoný jolaǵyna shyǵyp, kóterilýge daiyndaldy. Al AQSh-tyń Pan American áýe kompaniiasynyń Boeing 747 ushaǵyna sol jolaqpen júrip ótip, belgili bir shyǵý jolynan burylý tapsyrylǵan edi. Alaida tumannyń saldarynan ekipaj qajetti burylysty ótkizip alyp, ushý-qoný jolaǵynda qalyp qoidy.
Osy kezde KLM ushaǵynyń kapitany dispetcherdiń sózin ushýǵa ruqsat retinde qabyldap, ekpin ala bastaidy. Keiin anyqtalǵandai, naqty ushýǵa ruqsat berilmegen bolatyn. Radiobailanystaǵy birneshe habarlamanyń bir mezgilde qabattasýy saldarynan mańyzdy eskertý ekipajǵa jetpei qalǵan.
Sanaýly sekýndtaǵy alapat soqtyǵys
Ushý jyldamdyǵyn arttyrǵan KLM ushaǵy birneshe sekýndtan keiin ǵana tuman arasynan Pan Am ushaǵyn baiqaidy. Kapitan ushaqty shuǵyl kóterýge tyryssa, amerikalyq ekipaj jolaqtan shyǵyp úlgerýge áreket jasaidy. Biraq ýaqyt tym az edi.
Úlken jyldamdyqpen kele jatqan KLM ushaǵy Pan Am ushaǵynyń ústińgi bóligin soǵyp ótti. Soqqydan eki ushaq ta birden otqa oranyp, joiqyn jarylys boldy.
KLM ushaǵyndaǵy 248 adamnyń eshqaisysy aman qalǵan joq. Pan Am ushaǵyndaǵy 396 adamnyń tek 61-i ǵana tiri shyqty. Jalpy qaza tapqandar sany 583 adamǵa jetti. Bul kórsetkish áli kúnge deiin azamattyq aviatsiia tarihyndaǵy eń iri ushaq apaty bolyp sanalady.
Tergeý qorytyndysy qaiǵyly oqiǵaǵa bir ǵana sebep emes, birneshe faktor qatar áser etkenin kórsetti. Olardyń qatarynda qalyń tuman, radiobailanystaǵy túsinispeýshilik, adam faktory jáne ekipaj ishindegi sheshim qabyldaý mádenietiniń álsizdigi boldy.
Osy tragediiadan keiin halyqaralyq aviatsiiada túbegeili reformalar júrgizildi. Ushqyshtar men dispetcherler qoldanatyn sóz tirkesteri qatań standartqa keltirildi. Ekipaj músheleriniń kapitannyń sheshimine kúmándansa, ashyq pikir aitýyna múmkindik beretin Crew Resource Management (CRM) júiesi engizildi. Sonymen qatar kóptegen áýejaida jerdegi qozǵalysty baqylaityn zamanaýi radarlar ornatylyp, ushý-qoný qaýipsizdigine qoiylatyn talaptar kúsheitildi.
